Ekaterina Furtseva is one of the most controversial figures of the Soviet period. During her lifetime, she was both respected and hated. One word of the Minister of Culture of the USSR was enough to elevate the artist to the pinnacle of fame or ruthlessly destroy his career. But even many years after the death of the Soviet Iron Lady, the press, radio and television do not get tired of discussing the only woman who was elevated to the Mausoleum in a country where men ruled. Her belongings - dresses, bags, documents - are stored in the State Museum of Political History in St. Petersburg.
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Finish school, get married, go to work in a weaving factory. During the day, go crazy from the roar of looms, in the evening - from the roar of snotty children, live to retire and while away your life on miserable pennies ... A similar fate awaited all women born at the beginning of the last century in the provincial Russian Tver province. At first, Katya Furtseva followed the same path. After school, the mother, a stern soldier's widow, put her daughter to the machine. However, she quickly joined the ranks of the communists and soon, on the instructions of the party, went to raise agriculture in the south of the country. Then there was party work in the Crimea, then Leningrad. The Soviet Union rushed up, to conquer the sky. And in the spirit of the times, Katya Furtseva flew off to flight courses. And where there are planes, there are definitely pilots, "Stalin's falcons." One of these eagles captured the beauty's heart. And without much thought, she became the common-law wife of the pilot Peter Bitkov. The husband was good-looking and stately, but the fact that somewhere he had a legal wife with a daughter was the tenth thing ...
In 1941, Ekaterina was already the secretary of the Frunzensky District Committee of Moscow. Such a position meant belonging to the party (moreover, the metropolitan) elite. Behind Furtseva - the institute and the Higher Party School - few colleagues could boast of such a solid education. Only now family life flowed neither shaky nor roll: Bitkov started talking about a child, but pregnancy did not occur. “Maybe it’s better this way,” Furtseva thought, “you can’t work with a child. And then there’s the war ...” Peter was mobilized as soon as the Great Patriotic War broke out. How fervently and passionately they parted! And in the fall, while on duty on the roof of the house during an enemy air raid, Ekaterina fell awkwardly and had to go to the doctor. And he was taken aback: "Ten weeks, citizen!" What to do? Her husband is at the front, she has party work, and her mother, I suppose, will tear her head off. Oddly enough, just the mother, having learned about her daughter's pregnancy, said: "There's nothing to even think about! We've been waiting for so many years! Can't we raise one child?" But Peter reacted coolly to the news of imminent fatherhood. Catherine wrote it off for a difficult time - is it up to tenderness now? In May 1942, Svetlana was born. And four months later, the newly-made dad told his wife that he was tired of "living with her work." And left...
The surest way to forget is to go headlong into work, drown out the pain of parting with fatigue. So Catherine did. The second secretary of the district committee had enough trouble. Catherine stayed up late at work - in the company of the first secretary and immediate mentor Peter Boguslavsky. By the way, a family man. Was there a romance? But how! Perhaps everything would have gone further, perhaps for her sake Boguslavsky would even have decided to divorce. But he is aware that his career is at an end, is about to be "pushed". As he prophesied, it came true: he was placed in reserve, with no hope of returning, and Furtsev was placed in leadership. And Peter Boguslavsky became a pleasant memory for her. Ekaterina justified the trust of the party. Party plenums led briskly, spoke without a piece of paper. And at the same time mastered the rules of the game in the male world. The moves were different: obscene expressions, and drinking, and long feasts, and all other "accessories" of male life. But the ends justified the means. A valuable shot was noticed by the future leader of the USSR Nikita Khrushchev and lured to his fiefdom - the Moscow City Party Committee. Rumor, of course, interpreted Furtseva's promotion in its own way, giving it an intimate undertone. In fact, Catherine had a hearty interest, but not in the rustic Khrushchev. And to his subordinate, Nikolai Firyubin, a married man, the father of two children, who loved and knew how to please women. At first, Firyubin did not even think about a divorce, and Furtseva did not demand any sudden movements from him. And thus she turned to her side. In 1955, as a 45-year-old woman, the party activist finally became a legal wife. For the first and last time. What did marriage bring to her? Certainly, there was little warmth in him. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, Firyubin was a petty and malicious man who could not come to terms with his wife's career superiority. That's why he spat on her, not disdaining to humiliate her in front of strangers. This marriage burdened everyone: Furtseva realized that the chosen one turned out to be more of a fake than a diamond, her husband was desperately jealous of his wife for work, for her daughter, for her mother. He was paid in the same coin: Svetlana refused to ride with her stepfather in the same car, and the mother-in-law savagely cut out her son-in-law from all family photos.
And the party bosses, meanwhile, continued their undercover games. In one of these intrigues, Furtseva had a chance to play a decisive role. This happened after the death of Joseph Stalin. Catherine reached career heights unthinkable for a woman - she served as secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. It was in this capacity that she climbed the marble podium of the Lenin Mausoleum on Red Square: from this podium twice a year, on the days of the main holidays of the country - May 1 and November 7, the leaders of the USSR hosted a military parade and a demonstration of popular rejoicing. Once Furtseva had to attend a narrow gathering of members of the Presidium of the Central Committee. Seasoned party intriguers - Malenkov, Kaganovich and Molotov - gathered to topple another "hardened" - the actual leader of the country Nikita Khrushchev. Catherine immediately understood where the scales were leaning. Most members of the Presidium voted against Khrushchev. How is it possible - her patron, the man who stirred up the Stalinist anthill - and suddenly trampled into the mud? Perhaps Furtseva did not lose the far-reaching consequences of her act, she simply reacted to a clear injustice. But how to help? Saved by a favorite female reception - Ekaterina went out to "powder her nose." But instead of the toilet, she rushed to her office to call those in whose power it was to prevent a new coup from happening. Almost hysterically, she begged the all-powerful generals to come to the meeting and not allow Nikita to be removed from the post of First Secretary of the Central Committee. And persuaded. The people's hero, Marshal of Victory Georgy Zhukov and several of his supporters arrived in the Kremlin. Khrushchev was back on the throne. How did Nikita pay off his savior? The powerful of this world love those whom they themselves have favored. And they hate those who saw them in a moment of weakness and came to the rescue. He did not break it immediately, he waited for the right moment. It was the year 1960, many were dissatisfied with Khrushchev's policy, the protracted violent debunking of the Stalinist regime. So Ekaterina once expressed her sore feelings in a telephone conversation with a party colleague. The next day, Khrushchev read her a transcript of that conversation. Of course, he only needed an excuse - and he waited for an opportunity. The "native Central Committee", about which Furtseva spoke with a breath, got rid of her. Catherine behaved in an absolutely feminine way - she opened her veins, in order to be saved in time. The incident became known to the Central Committee, but instead of sympathy and apologies, she received only ridicule. Khrushchev called her a psychopath. Furtseva realized that more "women's pranks" could not be repeated.
Furtseva was demoted and appointed Minister of Culture of the USSR. It was from this moment that the story began, for which she was dubbed Catherine the Great. Critics can call Furtseva "the leader of an enslaved culture" as much as they like, but facts are stubborn things. During her leadership, Soviet young artists, participating in international competitions and festivals, won almost a hundred first prizes. Hundreds of thousands of libraries, clubs and palaces of culture have appeared in the country. Furtseva revived the Moscow International Film Festival, achieved the establishment of the Tchaikovsky Competition, the International Ballet Competition. The Minister of Culture helped many, including her favorite, the world-famous opera diva Galina Vishnevskaya. Furtseva’s spectacular action (even when she led the city party committee of Moscow, and in fact the capital of the USSR) was the 1957 World Festival of Youth and Students. In general, this was the most catchy action of the Khrushchev thaw. Never before has so many foreigners gathered in Moscow at once. The country, starving for communication during the times of the Iron Curtain, arranged a holiday, which to this day is remembered by everyone who managed to join it then.
It is with the reign of Furtseva that the beginning of the French Film Weeks is associated, when Gerard Philip, Daniel Darrier, director Rene Clair, who had already become great, arrived in the Soviet Union. Catherine was simply in love with France. It began in 1961, when she took the Soviet film "The Tale of Fiery Years" to the Cannes Film Festival. The acquaintances made there introduced Furtseva into the circle of the French intelligentsia and the French Communist Party, which at that time was sometimes the same thing - such celebrities as Louis Aragon and Maurice Thorez communicated with her. Her feminine appeal proved to be very effective. She was able to charm both men and women. She opened "abroad" not from the height of the ministerial chair, but through a completely "hazing" friendship, which brought rich fruits. Long-dead compatriots from abroad began to bring gifts to Soviet museums. The Tretyakov Gallery received paintings from Sorin's priceless collection. The first and only visit of Marc Chagall, who donated 75 of his lithographs to the Pushkin Museum. As part of the government delegation, Furtseva flew all over India and Nepal. I visited the exhibition of Svyatoslav Roerich. Catherine invites the artist to the Soviet Union, and soon his first exhibition opens in Moscow. Particularly interesting is the history of the appearance in the USSR of the famous Milanese opera house La Scala. This also happened by the decision of Furtseva. The stars and the great Herbert von Karajan drove music lovers crazy. Theater director Antonio Giringelli was delighted with the tour and the minister who blessed them. In the same autumn of 1963, the Bolshoi Theater traveled to Milan for the first time. And in the office of the director of La Scala, an agreement was signed on cooperation between the two great theaters, which is still in effect. For ten years, until the end of her life, Furtseva received signs of attention from Giringelli - letters, flowers, cute Venetian figurines of characters from the commedia dell'arte. As the Italian himself wrote - "in memory of friendship, love and sympathy."
Catherine spent the last two years of her life alone. As always, work saved her, but age and health were no longer on her side. The events of October 24, 1974 are still being debated. Furtseva did not complain about her health - and her death seemed unexpected and inexplicably early. She did not live up to 64 years. In Moscow, they started talking about the fact that the Minister of Culture had passed away of her own free will. In the family, the version of suicide was flatly rejected. However, the family was not very trusted - after all, once Catherine had already opened her veins. The official version is "acute heart failure".
Be that as it may, Ekaterina Furtseva managed the unthinkable in her life: in the party hierarchy, where a person is nothing more than a cog in a huge system, to remain a Personality and a Woman. And what will be called - Catherine the Great or "psychopath" - it does not matter. After all, the names of her successors are not remembered at all.
Probably, in the second half of the 20th century there was no woman in our country who would have reached such political heights and made such an incredible career as Ekaterina Alekseevna Furtseva ....
Probably, in the second half of the 20th century there was no woman in our country who would have reached such political heights and made such an incredible career as Ekaterina Alekseevna Furtseva. She was the secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee, the first secretary of the Moscow City Party Committee, and for almost fourteen years she was the Minister of Culture of the USSR.
She was born on December 7, 1910 in a village near Vyshny Volochok. Mother Matrena Nikolaevna worked at a weaving factory. Father died in World War I. Katya graduated from the seven-year school, at the age of fifteen she entered the weaving factory where her mother worked. It seems that everything was predetermined: thirty years in a branch of hell - among the stupefying rumble of looms, then early deafness and a meager pension. But Katya is waiting for a different fate. At the age of twenty, the factory girl joined the party. Soon the first party task follows: she is sent to the Kursk region to raise agriculture. But there she does not stay long, she is “thrown” to the Komsomol-party work in Feodosia.
Katya Furtseva could have stayed in the South. Get old under the southern scorching sun. Find a spouse. But something prevents you from focusing on your personal life. Maybe Komsomol work. Maybe sports. She is a good swimmer. Knows how to avoid undercurrents, harmful influences. She is noticed, summoned to the city committee of the Komsomol and offered a new Komsomol ticket. From the blessed South, she is sent to the North, to the very heart of the revolution, to the capital of October, to Leningrad. At the Higher Courses of Civil Aeroflot.
Katya's first time in a big city, in a European capital. How many people! How many new acquaintances - all in protective tunics, all young, brave, correct. Of course she fell in love. Of course, in the pilot. His name was Petr Ivanovich Petkov.
At that time, “pilot” was an almost mystical word. The pilots are not people, but "Stalin's falcons." The pilot is irresistible, like Don Juan. To be married to a pilot meant to keep up with the times. Live almost like a myth. Everything could be shared with the pilot - even love for Comrade Stalin.
Several photographs of Ekaterina Alekseevna with Peter Ivanovich have been preserved. Looking at the photo, you involuntarily think that her betrothed is a person who is used to standing in the center. Leader by nature. This is probably why Ekaterina Alekseevna seems like a gray mouse nearby.
It was generally her remarkable property. Being next to men, with any of them, she knew how to set off his dignity, leaving herself in the shadows. And the stamp of humility on her face is also striking. Exhausted. Maybe the price for exorbitant enthusiasm?
Pyotr Ivanovich is a 100% man, a practical man. He does not understand her passion for airplanes. At this time, they are sent to Saratov (to teach at the aviation technical school), then to Moscow. Here Furtseva becomes an instructor in the student department in the apparatus of the Central Committee of the Komsomol. A year later, she was sent on a Komsomol ticket to the Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology. The future process engineer plunges headlong into Komsomol work. It can be seen that the petty-bourgeois life is not for her.
The war began, my husband was mobilized. She was left alone, with her mother, whom by that time she had discharged to Moscow. Lectures, labs, cards, rations… Landmines are exploding in Moscow, she, along with everyone else, is on duty on the roof, extinguishing incendiary bombs – saving the capital. And suddenly - a protracted news after a meeting with her husband: she is pregnant.
Svetlana was born in May 1942. Only four months after the birth of her daughter, her husband came on a visit. And ... announced that he had been living with another for a long time.
Disappointment followed disappointment. Ekaterina graduated from the institute and stopped in indecision. For the first time in my life, I didn't know where to go. But there was no need to go anywhere. I just had to wait. As a political activist, she was offered to enter graduate school, after a year and a half she was elected a party organizer of the institute. She found herself in a strange, conditional world of "liberated" political workers. Science was done away with forever.
Now they lived together: her mother, Svetlana and she. Ekaterina received a room in a two-room apartment near the Krasnoselskaya metro station. Like a party organizer. From the institute, where it becomes clearly cramped, she is sent to work in the Frunzensky District Committee of the Party.
Furtseva's immediate superior, the first secretary of the district committee, was Pyotr Vladimirovich Boguslavsky. She developed a special relationship with him. An office romance is something of an outlet. Communication with Boguslavsky gave her invaluable experience. It was then that she began to comprehend the laws of the male game, the rules of which include a male feast, a salty word, and dubious jokes. She learned to ignore it.
In 1949, during a party concert backstage at the Bolshoi Theater, Nikolai Shvernik gave her an audience with the Boss. Stalin liked her. She saw a living god for the first and last time, but for his sharp eyes it was enough. In December 1949, she speaks at an expanded plenum of the city party committee, where, harshly criticizing herself, she talks about the district committee's shortcomings. Purely feminine. A little masochistic. Next to the men becomes a wise shadow. It seems without any intention. And they notice her. The meeting with Stalin gave its result.
In early 1950, she moved to a building on Staraya Square, to the office of the second secretary of the Moscow City Party Committee. A couple of months later, her faithful friend Pyotr Vladimirovich Boguslavsky fell victim to the struggle against cosmopolitanism - he was removed from all posts and expelled from the party. The novel ended by itself.
From 1950 to 1954, Furtseva came into close contact with Khrushchev. There were rumors about their romance. Immediately after Stalin's death, she became the first secretary of the city party committee. Now all of Moscow was under her command. She made a strong impression on Khrushchev: both by the fact that she spoke at meetings without a piece of paper, and by the fact that she was not afraid to confess and repent of imaginary sins, and by the fact that she was a “specialist”. It was her favorite word. When meeting new people, the first thing she asked was: “Are you a specialist ?!”
Furtseva, until the end of her life, retained a respectful attitude towards professors and important old men, associate professors, whom she had seen in graduate school. The "specialist" knows more than she does, this conviction was very strong in her. And in her team, she - a former weaver - wanted to see just such people.
"Weaver, from the peasants." Thanks to this line in her biography, she ascended high. And the word "weaver" will accompany her all her life. Some will be respected, some will be disdainful.
But now the weaving factory is a thing of the past. Ekaterina Alekseevna Furtseva - First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee. Woman playing men's games. The moves in these games were different: swearing, and drinking, and a long relaxing feast - and all other accessories of male life. And in order to survive and, moreover, to win this game, she had to play by the "male" rules, without any discounts. Hence - and vodka, and a variety of barbaric ways to quickly put yourself in order. Hence the fatigue on the face.
The problems of the only woman in the men's camp are sometimes absurd. For example, a household item is a toilet. Next to the room where the Politburo (then the Presidium of the Central Committee) met, there was only one toilet - a men's one. During a long meeting, the men ran there, like boys, in turn. Ekaterina Alekseevna, if she could not stand it, had to run far along the corridors, to another compartment, where there was a women's toilet. And during the time that the person was not in the office, anything could happen.
It never occurred to any of the members and candidate members of the Politburo that Ekaterina Alekseevna could have such physiological problems.
Although once it was the absence of a women's toilet that played a fantastic role in her life. Something like a magic wand for Cinderella, who in an instant turned an ordinary member of the Central Committee of the party into a powerful member of the Presidium of the Central Committee.
This happened after Stalin's death. Furtseva then held the post of secretary of the Central Committee and, according to her rank, had to attend a narrow private gathering of members of the Presidium of the Central Committee. "Mother" Malenkov, Kaganovich and Molotov gathered to bring down another "mother" - Nikita.
Furtseva, Khrushchev, Malenkov, Kaganovich, Molotov, and the other members of the Presidium of the Central Committee sat in a stuffy room next to Stalin's former office. Ekaterina Alekseevna immediately understood where the scales were leaning. Most members of the Presidium voted against Khrushchev. And then the inexplicable happened. She decided to oppose the apparent injustice. How is it possible, the man who stirred up the Stalinist anthill - and suddenly trampled into the mud? Perhaps she did not lose the far-reaching consequences of her act, she simply reacted to the obvious injustice of the "terrible men." But how could she help? And then she "wanted to go out." It was a move from the women's game. She simply calculated that, as a representative of the "weaker" sex, she has the right to go out at least once during the meeting, no matter how archival it may be, "to send natural needs." And the men, her potential opponents, pecked. Since there was only a men's toilet nearby, and it took a long time to run to the women's room, she had a formal reason to be absent for a long time, without arousing the suspicions of either Malenkov or Kaganovich. She was released. Just like in the school game - "can I go out?".
And instead of the toilet, she rushed to her office to call those on whom it depended to prevent a new coup from happening.
A phone call of this kind could be taken as a provocation. It could have occurred to anyone with whom she spoke: Malenkov or Kaganovich was standing next to the caller and listening to how powerful generals were going to throw him off.
But the one who would later be called Great Catherine, passionately, almost hysterically, begged the all-powerful generals to come to the meeting and prevent Nikita Sergeevich from being removed from the post of First Secretary of the Central Committee. And persuaded. In minutes. Almost all of those whom she called said that they would come and support Nikita Sergeevich - simply because their law enforcement agencies would not go against him.
Brezhnev did the same trick. He rushed to call the Minister of Defense, Marshal Zhukov. And when he returned, Molotov, Kaganovich and Pervukhin sat down next to him in turn, everyone was interested in where he was wandering. To which Brezhnev replied that he had a sudden breakdown and he sat in the restroom.
Zhukov, Ignatov and a number of other members of the Central Committee who supported Khrushchev arrived in the Kremlin. The meeting of the Presidium has not ended yet. They entered and announced that such paramount matters could not be decided in private, that everything had to be decided over again. Khrushchev was suddenly raised and seated on the throne.
It was a happy time for Furtseva. And not only in public life. While still working as a secretary in the Moscow City Party Committee, she met Nikolai Pavlovich Firyubin, one of her subordinates.
Nikolay Firyubin was a professional diplomat. He spoke English and French: His former colleague Nikolai Mesyatsev described him as follows: "He knew how and wanted to please women."
He was a short, slender brown-haired man with a thoroughbred, expressive face. Men did not like him because of his arrogance. For those who knew both of them well, it was amazing how such different people could come together.
She herself did not really realize that "it" happened. She was drawn to Firyubin. It was impossible to fight it.
Their secret meetings have given rise to many speculations. Everyone in the Central Committee of the party, from the secretaries to the secretaries of the Central Committee, discussed Furtseva's reckless trips to Firyubin. It was a local sexual revolution at the level of a single female minister.
Exactly 37 years ago, on the night of October 24-25, 1974, Ekaterina Alekseevna Furtseva died. In a medical report signed by the head of the Fourth Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Health, Academician Chazov, the cause of death was acute heart failure. People still wonder about that night: was there something “sort of” in her death, although it is not very clear since when a person’s inability to come to terms with the loss of power is something special?
Not a single woman in the Soviet Union made such a career as Ekaterina Furtseva. There were ladies more popular than her, for example, Alla Pugacheva. There were ladies more scandalous than her, Galina Brezhneva, for example. But apart from Furtseva, not a single woman in the USSR could boast of such a triumphant ascent through the ranks of the party apparatus, where, as if on purpose, not very attractive ladies were selected. And Ekaterina Alekseevna became an exception here twice.
In Soviet society, with all the universal equality declared by the nomenklatura, the "equality" of Orwell's "Animal Farm" was deeply rooted. Everyone is equal, but ... party workers are "more equal" than everyone else. And, of course, male party workers are “more equal” than female party workers. The place of a female party member is in the presidium of the party meeting of the district level: white top, black bottom, sit down and don't twitch. It was supposed to have one lady as the secretary of the district committee, so they put some "in the district." And only a few rose above, because this is not a woman's business - presence in great power. Yes, and women climbed there mostly (sorry), a famous place ...
In the entire 70-year history of the party Politburo, a woman has only been included in its composition once, and then not for very long. But Ekaterina Furtseva has become a real Soviet legend, feature and documentary films are made about her, a memorial plaque in her honor was installed on Tverskaya in Moscow. And who now remembers the men who were part of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU at that time? This is because we intuitively understand that in order to reach such heights in a male society, you need to be a very special woman.
I will not retell the biography of Furtseva - she is quite well known. I will dwell only on the last period of her life.
. At first, she had a very warm relationship with Khrushchev (according to gossip, well, very “warm”, I already mentioned this,). For example, Nikita Sergeevich could well afford to slap Ekaterina Alekseevna on the ass in front of everyone. Purely comradely, of course. And it was thanks to her party comrade that Furtseva first became the second and then the first secretary of the CPSU MGK, and after three years of ruling Moscow, in 1956, the secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, and in 1957, a member of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee.
But at the top of power, Furtseva lasted only three years, and on May 4, 1960, Nikita Sergeevich unexpectedly ordered her dismissal from the post of secretary of the Central Committee and appointed minister of culture. What was the reason? It is believed that the Chekists recorded Furtseva's free conversations, which she had while drinking drinks stronger than tea (she loved this business). Nothing seditious, only a critical assessment of Khrushchev's activities. But Nikita Sergeevich was an easily carried away person - he could raise the person he liked to a dizzying height, but, disappointed, parted with a recent favorite with the same ease. “Out of love,” as they say in such cases among the people.
For more than a year, Furtseva remained a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee, the highest authority in the country. But at the XXII Congress, she was not included in the Presidium of the Central Committee. This was a terrible blow for her, and Furtseva, not coming to the evening meeting of the congress, tried to die. " Strongly tipsy with grief, - writes Sergey Khrushchev, - and Ekaterina Alekseevna abused alcohol, she tried to open her veins. But the hand trembled, and the suicide failed. Perhaps she was not going to part with her life, but simply, like a woman, she tried in this way to attract attention to herself, to arouse sympathy, but her act had the opposite effect.».
On that day, Furtseva (of course, quite by accident) forgot to cancel the appointment with her friend - and she saved her by sounding the alarm. However, Khrushchev did not appreciate the “cry for help”, moreover, at a meeting with colleagues, he sarcastically remarked that Ekaterina Alekseevna had a banal menopause.
But Furtseva remained in the post of Minister of Culture until her death. Opinions about what kind of minister she was are mixed. But the fact that she suffered greatly, having lost the power that she had before, is beyond doubt. Yuri Lyubimov recalled how she once sadly told him: “ Do you think you're the only one in trouble? After all, they also wore my portraits, but now, you see, I’m sitting here and talking to you.».
Everything was bad in the family too - husband Nikolai Firyubin lived “in two houses” for almost two years, starting a new “lasting” romance. The only daughter Svetlana got married and lived her own life. Troubles also began in the service - in the early 70s, a big scandal erupted when she built a summer house, allegedly acquiring cheap building materials allocated for the reconstruction of the Bolshoi Theater. The dacha was taken away, and the 25 thousand rubles that Furtseva spent on construction were returned to her, while asking where the Minister of Culture got such a lot of money from.
Here some curious details of Furtseva’s life were revealed, about which Galina Vishnevskaya wrote in her memoirs: “ In Paris, during a tour of the Bolshoi Theater, I put $ 400 in her hand - my entire fee for forty days of the tour. I was covered with sweat from excitement, but she calmly, habitually took it and said: “Thank you».
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Now it’s impossible to find out what exactly happened 37 years ago on the late evening of October 24, when Furtseva returned home. They say that it was on that day that it became known that a pension awaited her, and her husband finally went to another woman - Cleopatra Gogoleva, the widow of the secretary of the regional committee and a neighbor in the country (she was much younger than Ekaterina Alekseevna).
But let's not guess, but listen to the opinion of her close friend Lyudmila Zykina: “ The husband had a mistress, the daughter of Sveta is completely occupied with her married life, which she terribly regretted after the death of her mother, considered herself almost a criminal. But not loneliness could push her to suicide. I think she would still be fighting if she didn’t know that they want to remove her from the post of Minister of Culture. She once said: "I will die a minister."
This last day of her life became black for her. First, during the meeting, strangers came to her and cut off the government phone. Then, at a reception at the Italian embassy, she quarreled with Firyubin. She came to her daughter and saw that she didn’t need it at all: with her beloved and loving husband, Svetlana was happy even without a mother. Then Furtseva decided to go to the office dacha. But there the commandant told her that she must vacate the premises within 24 hours.
Svetlana was given a certificate stating that Ekaterina Alekseevna had a heart attack: all our leaders died of acute heart failure. Unfortunately, no one still knows the true cause of Furtseva's death. But Svetlana always believed that her mother committed suicide by drinking potassium cyanide»
I think that Furtseva's heart (at her request or in a natural way - it doesn't matter) could not stand the separation from power. It has long been noticed that women part with her much more difficult than men, and the dreary life of a lonely pensioner abandoned by her husband was clearly not for Furtseva. Power - that was her life and death!
So nothing special and nothing new "under the sun". Only in this regard, it is interesting how the heart of Yulia Tymoshenko's Furtseva of Our Days will survive the separation from power ...
Epilogue
(based on the results of this post):
“I recalled the wording of the cause of death of Marina Mniszek, from the 17th century: “She died of anguish of her own free will.” By "will", of course, was meant not only freedom, but also all lost opportunities, all ambitions, memories, regrets, all potential.(With)
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Biography, life story of Furtseva Svetlana Petrovna
Furtseva Svetlana Petrovna is the daughter of the Minister of Culture of the USSR Ekaterina Furtseva.
early years
The only child of a prominent member of the Soviet government was born in 1942. The girl's father was a professional military man Peter Bitkov, who took part in the Great Patriotic War in the early days of the offensive of the Nazi troops. The meeting with Svetlana's mother took place in the 30s of the last century. Parents first lived in Leningrad, then moved to Moscow. Svetlana's mother could not get pregnant for a long time, this happened only after eleven years of marriage. By that time, Ekaterina Furtseva was 32 years old. She gave birth to a daughter while being evacuated in Kuibyshev. The young mother had a hard time in those conditions, but her grandmother was of great help. Together they lifted the baby to her feet.
Unexpectedly, Svetlana's father came from the front with a short visit, who told his wife that everything was over between them. Peter Bitkov was not bad-looking, so he could not complain about the lack of female attention. The man from the threshold said that he had met another woman with whom he intended to connect his future fate. With the new chosen one, he allegedly lived for four months.
Proud Ekaterina Furtseva let him go and decided to rebuild her personal life. It should be noted that Svetlana's mother occupied an important post in the Soviet political system, namely, the secretary of the Frunzensky district party committee. It was, perhaps, the largest cell of the CPSU in the capital. Party work replaced Ekaterina Alekseevna's family. She came home only late in the evening, preferring to dine at the House of Scientists located not far from the district committee.
Thanks to the position, Furtseva received her own living space, which was a small apartment in the vicinity of the Krasnoselskaya metro station. But women were also happy with such a solution to the housing problem.
CONTINUED BELOW
Grandma's upbringing
Svetlana Furtseva admitted to reporters that, due to her mother's constant employment, the main burdens of her upbringing fell on the shoulders of her grandmother, Matrena Nikolaevna. The mother of Ekaterina Alekseevna, a simple illiterate village woman, was everything for the girl.
After the death of her mother, Svetlana had to face another reality, the existence of which she had previously paid no attention to. The strict Soviet morality instilled by her parent, as well as a happy marriage, helped her not to get lost in that world.
Family life
The chosen one of 17-year-old Svetlana Furtseva was Oleg, the son of the secretary of the Central Group, Frol Kozlov. The eminent wedding was attended by all the top Soviet leadership, headed by the First -. The future head of the country acted as the toastmaster.
The marriage soon broke up. Even the appearance of Marina's daughter did not contribute to the development of family relations. The next husband of Svetlana Furtseva was Igor Kochnov, an employee of the APN.
Labor activity
After graduating from Moscow University, Svetlana got a job at the Novosti press agency. Colleagues were surprised to note the fact that the daughter of a high-ranking party leader, who bore the title of the first secular lady, did not even have her own car.
They were unaware that a powerful woman raised her child in full accordance with the communist ideology. In particular, she did not allow her child to flaunt sunglasses, considering them to be some kind of manifestation of hateful bourgeoisism. And the grandmother mercilessly criticized Svetlana's friends.
Svetlana Petrovna passed away in October 2005.
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Furtseva, Ekaterina Alekseevna
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ekaterina Alekseevna Furtseva (November 24, 1910, Vyshny Volochek - October 25, 1974, Moscow) - Soviet state and party leader. First Secretary of the MGK CPSU from 1954 to 1957. Member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU from 1957 to 1961. Minister of Culture of the USSR from 1960 to 1974.
Four Orders of Lenin,
Order of the Red Banner of Labor,
Order of the Badge of Honor,
medals
Criticism of the activities of Ekaterina Furtseva
During the time during which E. Furtseva served as Minister of Culture of the USSR, many cultural figures noted, both in those years and in their subsequent memoirs, the rigidity of her character, a poor understanding of many areas of art, especially painting and music, the desire to prohibit many even the most highly artistic works of art. It was Ekaterina Furtseva's antipathy to the new trends of youth music of the 1960s that led to the fact that the tour of the legendary English rock bands The Beatles and The Rolling Stones never took place in the USSR.
Mstislav Rostropovich, one of the greatest Russian musicians of the 20th century, for a long time could not perform on the musical stages of the USSR due to the fault of Ekaterina Furtseva. The reason was the shelter of the disgraced writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn at his dacha. Rostropovich fell into disgrace and the result was a forced departure from the USSR in 1974.
She died suddenly on the night of October 24-25, 1974. In a medical report signed by the head of the Fourth Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Health, Academician E.I. Chazov, the cause of death was acute heart failure.
The former chairman of the KGB of the USSR V. A. Kryuchkov in 2001, when asked by a correspondent whether Ekaterina Furtseva’s death was really violent, answered: “... All her comrades who knew her claimed that she committed suicide in the bathroom of her own apartment.”
Probably, in the second half of the 20th century there was no woman in our country who would have reached such political heights and made such an incredible career as Ekaterina Alekseevna Furtseva. She was the secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee, the first secretary of the Moscow City Party Committee, and for almost fourteen years she was the Minister of Culture of the USSR.
In 1949, during a party concert backstage at the Bolshoi Theater, Nikolai Shvernik gave her an audience with the Boss.
Stalin liked her. She saw a living god for the first and last time, but for his sharp eyes it was enough. In December 1949, she speaks at an expanded plenum of the city party committee, where, harshly criticizing herself, she talks about the district committee's shortcomings. Purely feminine. A little masochistic. Next to the men becomes a wise shadow. It seems without any intention. And they notice her. The meeting with Stalin gave its result.
From 1950 to 1954, Furtseva came into close contact with Khrushchev. There were rumors about their romance. Immediately after Stalin's death, she became the first secretary of the city party committee. Now all of Moscow was under her command. She made a strong impression on Khrushchev: both by the fact that she spoke at meetings without a piece of paper, and by the fact that she was not afraid to confess and repent of imaginary sins, and by the fact that she was a "specialist." It was her favorite word. When meeting new people, the first thing she asked was: "Are you an expert?!"
Furtseva, until the end of her life, retained a respectful attitude towards professors and important old men, associate professors, whom she had seen in graduate school. The "specialist" knows more than she, this conviction was very strong in her. And in her team, she - a former weaver - wanted to see just such people.
It was 1960, the second half of Khrushchev's reign. Many were dissatisfied with them. Including Furtseva. This discontent was vented on steam. Just washing the bones. Once, in a telephone conversation, Furtseva "walked" on Nikita Sergeevich. The next day, he read the transcript of her private conversation with Aristov, a member of the Central Committee. His reaction was lightning fast. At the next, extraordinary, plenum of the Presidium, Ekaterina Alekseevna was removed from the post of secretary.
The procedure for removal from power was worked out to the smallest detail. No one burst into the office, defiantly did not turn off the phone.
The renunciation of power was marked by silence. They suddenly stopped greeting you, and most importantly, the turntable fell silent. She was simply turned off.
A month later, a message came that Furtseva was appointed Minister of Culture. And it was then that the nickname that stuck to her for a long time began to walk all over the country - Catherine the Great.
She considered tens of thousands of cultural workers in Moscow and the Moscow region to be her team. And another three or four million ordinary "army of cult dealers" throughout the USSR: modest librarians, museum scientists, arrogant employees of theaters and film studios, etc. The whole army called her Great Catherine - who knows, with sarcasm, with admiration?
But analogies with the Russian queen arose not only among the subjects of her "empire". Furtseva's office was decorated with a portrait of Queen Elizabeth, with a laconic inscription: "Catherine from Elizabeth." There was a legend that, after talking with Furtseva for half an hour, the queen turned to her with a request: “Catherine, don’t call me Your Highness, just call me Comrade Elizabeth.
The Danish Queen Margrethe once said that she would like to do as much for her country as Furtseva did for hers.
After being expelled from the Presidium of the Central Committee, she began to drink. I drank a lot, but not ugly. Getting drunk, she complained about her fate, about the men who left her, cursed them for what the world was worth.
Furtseva has been alone for the last two years. Almost no one was in her house.
Calendar
[Ekaterina Kubovskaya]
34 years ago, on October 24, the former Minister of Culture of the USSR Ekaterina Alekseevna Furtseva died in her Moscow apartment.
The official cause of death is acute heart failure. However, Furtseva's relatives believed that she committed suicide, and even called the method - poisoning. It is difficult to say why the relatives were sure of this. However, the fact remains that in the life of the minister there has already been one suicide attempt ...
Reference:
What is a heart attack? - Polismed
polismed.ru›infarctus_cardio-post003.html
A massive heart attack can cause acute heart failure.
What is a heart attack?
elhow.ru›zdorove/serdechno…chto-takoe-infarkt
A heart attack is the phenomenon of exclusion from the blood circulation of a part of an organ or tissue. It occurs due to a sudden cessation of blood flow. A heart attack is a type of necrosis.
Read more on Elhow: This leads to coronary heart disease. There comes a complete cessation of blood supply to some part of the heart muscle - myocardial infarction.
The purpose of this article is to find out the reason for the death of EKATERINA ALEXEEVNA FURTSEVA by her FULL NAME code.
Watch in advance "Logicology - about the fate of man".
Consider the FULL NAME code tables. \If there is a shift in numbers and letters on your screen, adjust the image scale\.
21 41 58 81 87 90 91 97 108 109 128 134 151 161 175 176 177 189 195 206 224 230 236 239 253 254
F U R C E V A E K A T E R I N A A L E X S E E V N A
254 233 213 196 173 167 164 163 157 146 145 126 120 103 93 79 78 77 65 59 48 30 24 18 15 1
6 17 18 37 43 60 70 84 85 86 98 104 115 133 139 145 148 162 163 184 204 221 244 250 253 254
E K A T E R I N A A L E X S E E V N A F U R C E V A
254 248 237 236 217 211 194 184 170 169 168 156 150 139 121 115 109 106 92 91 70 50 33 10 4 1
FURTSEVA EKATERINA ALEKSEEVNA \u003d 254 \u003d 236-ISCHEMIC INFARCTION + 18-C \ heart \.
254 = 163-HEART INFARCTION + 91-DYING.
254 = 93-HEART + 70-HEART + 91-DYING.
254 \u003d 120-END OF LIFE + 134-HEART INFARCTION\.
254 \u003d 213- \ 120-END OF LIFE + 93-MIDDLE \ + 41-HEART \ dts \.
254 \u003d 161-END OF LIFE + 93-INFARCTION.
254 \u003d 115-STOPPED + 139-BLOOD SUPPLY TO C \\ heart\.
254 \u003d 177-STOPPED SUPPLY + 77-BLOOD TO C \\ heart\.
254 \u003d 233-BLOOD SUPPLY STOPPED + 21-IN C \\ heart\.
DATE OF DEATH code: 10/25/1974. This is \u003d 25 + 10 + 19 + 74 \u003d 128 \u003d END OF LIFE.
254 \u003d 128-END OF LIFE \ life \ + 126- \ 33- ... ZNI + 93-INFARCTION \.
Code DAY OF DEATH \u003d 86-TWENTY + 88-FIFTH + 128-OCTOBER \u003d 302 \u003d DEATH FROM MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION \ a \.
Code of COMPLETE DATE OF DEATH = 302-THE TWENTY FIFTH OF OCTOBER + 93-\ 19 + 74 \- (code of the YEAR OF DEATH)-INFARCTION = 395.
395 - 254-(FULL NAME code) = 141 = END OF LIFE.
254 \u003d 170-LIFE IS ENDED + 84-... END\ a\.
170 - 84 = 86 = DIES.
Complete YEARS OF LIFE code = 177-SIXTY + 46-THREE = 223 = BLOOD SUPPLY LOSSED\ and \.
254 \u003d 223-SIXTY THREE + 31-CM \ death \.
223 - 31 \u003d 192 \u003d DISASTER OF THE HEART \ a \.
177 = SIXTY... ; 196 = SIXTY T... ; 213 = SIXTY TR \ and \.
58 = FROM IN\ fart \
213 = SIXTY TR\ and \ = 120-END OF LIFE + 93-MIDDLE
213 - 58 \u003d 155 \u003d LIFE IS ENDED \ on \.
41 = IN MIO \ card \
_____________________________________
233 = BLOOD SUPPLY STOPPED
236 = BLOOD SUPPLY TO...
_________________________________________
24 = CE \ heart \
