Changes made in accordance with the resolution
Government of the Russian Federation
dated October 24, 2014 No. 1097.
Warning signs inform drivers that they are approaching a dangerous section of the road, the movement of which requires the adoption of measures appropriate to the situation.
The numbering of road signs corresponds to GOST R 52290-2004.
Road sign information
A road sign, or a traffic sign, is a graphic drawing made in accordance with certain standards and installed along the road in order to bring this or that information to the attention of traffic participants.
The role of road signs in ensuring traffic safety is extremely large: they inform drivers about dangerous sections of the road, oblige them to slow down, prohibit overtaking where it is associated with increased risk, and perform many other useful tasks.
Modern standards that determine the appearance of road signs, as well as markings and traffic lights, came into force in our country on January 1, 2006. The updated signs fully comply with the UN Convention on Road Signs and Signals, the latest European standards in the relevant field.
Detailed questions,
related to road signs define eight categories:
- warning:
are triangles with a white background, red edging and black drawings.
Designed to warn road users about the danger; - right-of-way signs:
determine the order of passage of bottlenecks and intersections; - prohibition and limit signs:
are made in the form of a white circle with a red border and a black pattern. Prohibit certain actions; - prescriptive signs:
have a round shape, a blue background and white drawings.
Prescribe the performance of certain actions; - signs of special prescriptions;
- information signs:
have a rectangular shape and blue (sometimes green) color.
Used to inform road users about the location of the lanes,
the nature of the road, service enterprises and much more; - information and guidance signs and direction indicators;
- additional signs (plates):
complement the main characters listed above, never used separately.
They have a rectangular shape and a white background color, the pattern and edging are black.
The current version of the Rules of the Road determines the priority of signs
before . If the markings and road signs contradict each other, the driver must be guided by the requirements of the latter.
It is difficult to imagine the life of a motorist without road signs. They are an indispensable element of the organization of traffic. And the topic of traffic signs is a very relevant vehicle.
Let's try and we will understand the most difficult issues related to road signs.
Advantages and Benefits
Road signs are one of the most popular and convenient means of traffic regulation in the world (in general) and Russia (in particular). What gives them special value and significance?
First, DZ very personable, and their large number enables traffic organizers to use them to achieve a wide variety of goals (to warn about something, prohibit or prescribe something, inform, etc.).
Second, they clear enough. As a rule, it is not difficult to guess about the requirements put forward by the signs, because each of them represents a kind of symbolism that is understandable to everyone.
Thirdly, DZ is not a particularly expensive way to organize traffic. Compared to markings, traffic lights and traffic controllers, the procedure for installing a sign is very economical.
Fourth, this stable motion controller. If in winter the markings can be covered with snow, which makes it difficult to see, then road signs do not have such a drawback. The traffic light, in turn, requires a mandatory power supply, which can be disrupted (or not possible everywhere).
Fifth, it the most durable control. If the markings tend to wear out and become indistinguishable, if the traffic light requires constant service, if it cannot work without rest, then road signs will function for a very long time.
These advantages testify to the special status of road signs in the practice of traffic regulation.
Groups of traffic signs
Solely for convenience and the clearest understanding by drivers of the principles of installation and operation, all road signs are divided into 8 main groups:
- Special prescriptions.
- Informational.
- Service.
- Additional information (or signs).
And each group of signs performs strictly defined functions in the field of traffic regulation.
a brief description of
Warning signs have the function of informing drivers that they are approaching a dangerous stretch of road. At the same time, the symbolism of the sign itself reflects the nature of the danger.
As a rule, warning signs do not oblige the driver to anything, but justify the need to exercise care and caution. That is why almost all warning signs are installed in advance - at some distance before the beginning of the dangerous section of the road.
2. Signs of priority
This group of signs is incredibly important. They indicate the sequence of passage of unregulated intersections, intersections, as well as narrow sections of the road where it is difficult or impossible to pass oncoming traffic.
As practice shows, ignoring these signs is one of the most common reasons. That is why knowing the requirements that the signs impose on the driver, as well as strict compliance with their requirements, is the key to a trouble-free ride.
One of the most insidious and difficult to digest signs. And all because there are a lot of prohibition signs. And they have a large number of exceptions to the general rules.
The purpose of prohibition signs is to restrict or exclude the movement of certain participants, to introduce restrictions on the direction of movement, speed, a number of maneuvers, etc. And in rare cases, to cancel previously imposed bans.
Prohibition signs are very important for traffic safety. That is why any violation of their requirements is punishable by the norms of the administrative law of the Russian Federation.
Mandatory signs are intended to introduce or cancel the modes of movement (speed, direction, etc.)
This group of road signs, prescribing a certain mode of movement, begins to resemble the action of prohibitory signs. And indeed it is. But with only one amendment: prohibitory signs introduce a negative (prohibitive) regulatory regime, while prescriptive signs introduce a positive one. In other words, prescriptive signs answer the question: “What should the driver do?”.
The proximity of these signs to the prohibition makes them very important in the organization of traffic and road safety.
These signs are very close to prescriptive signs. Still, they even have the same root words in their names: “prescriptive”, “prescriptions”. And their purpose is also related: signs of special regulations are used to introduce special modes of movement or cancel such modes.
It is not for nothing that earlier both prescriptive signs and signs of special prescriptions were part of a single group of indicative signs. Their difference lies in the fact that prescriptive signs introduce some one requirement, and the group of interest to us - several prescriptions at once. This makes signs of special regulations an actual means of traffic regulation.
The main purpose of information signs (judging even by the name of the group) is to inform road users about the location of various objects (mainly settlements) and the distances to them. In addition, this very extensive group of signs also performs the functions of notification of established traffic modes.
As a rule, drivers simply ignore information signs, considering them frivolous. And very much in vain! First, there are some very insidious ones among them, who not only inform, but also introduce a prohibitive regulatory regime. Secondly, information is never superfluous.
Although, in fairness, it should be said that in comparison with prohibitory and prescriptive signs, signs of priority and special prescriptions, this group is very harmless.
This is the noblest group of signs. Service signs notify the driver of the approach or location of important road and other infrastructure facilities within the road: hospitals, hotels, recreation areas, service stations and other facilities.
From the point of view of the requirements for drivers, service marks are the most harmless group. They do not require anything from the driver at all, and therefore cannot become the reason for his punishment.
Despite the derogatory name - "plates" - these signs are very important in the traffic system. Their goal is to supplement, clarify, limit the actions of other road signs.
to the rules of the road.
This article is the first article in the "Signs of the Road" series and it discusses the most basic features of road signs: the division of signs into groups, the designations of each of the groups, and the features of their use.
Types of road signs in 2019
At present, Appendix 1 to has 8 sections, each of which deals with a separate group of road signs:
Road signs are divided into groups in such a way that each of the groups contains signs similar in meaning. Let's consider each of the types of signs in more detail.
traffic warning signs
Warning signs are the most useful and safest signs for the driver. Their safety lies in the fact that the requirements of warning signs can't be broken, because these signs do not prohibit or restrict the driver. The main function of such signs follows from their name. They warn the driver of possible dangers and help to avoid.
Warning signs are installed on dangerous sections of roads and are easy to distinguish from all other signs. Most warning signs are in the form of a red triangle:
The only exceptions are the signs associated with the railway crossing, the signs "direction of turn" and the sign "Intersection section". Their shape is different from a triangle:
Please note that all other warning signs are triangles.
Let me remind you once again that it is impossible to violate the requirements of warning signs, therefore, in the zone of their action, a fine for violating the requirements of road signs in the amount of 500 rubles cannot be imposed.
However, warning road signs can warn you against violations for which you can get a very real punishment.
Consider an example with the sign " Dangerous bend":
If you come across a similar sign on the road, then no special action is required. However, you should keep in mind that after 150 - 300 meters outside the village or after 50 - 100 meters in the village there will be a dangerous turn on your way.
Overtaking is prohibited on a dangerous turn (paragraph 11.4 of the rules). Accordingly, for overtaking on a dangerous turn, the driver runs the risk of being punished in the form of 4-6 months or a fine of 5,000 rubles.
At the same time, the rules do not prohibit overtaking after the "dangerous turn" sign, but before the start of the most dangerous turn.
For more information about warning road signs, see the following articles:
Priority signs
Priority signs, unlike warning signs, establish the right of way, crossings of carriageways, as well as narrow sections of the road.
In this case, you should pay attention that for violation of the requirements of priority signs installed at the intersection, you can get a fine in the amount of 1 000 rubles(Part 2 of Article 12.13 of the Code of Administrative Offenses). For the same violation outside the intersection, a warning or a fine of 500 rubles may be imposed (Part 1 of Article 12.16 of the Code of Administrative Offenses).
Here I want to note that most often on the road you can meet the following road signs:
| no entry (road sign brick) | |
| Movement Prohibition | |
| turn prohibited | |
| no overtaking | |
| maximum speed limit | |
| forbidden | |
| No parking |
Consider an example related to the violation of the requirements of a road sign No Entry (brick). The penalty for this violation directly depends on which road the driver is driving on.
If the sign is installed before entering the territory of the organization or the courtyard, then we are talking about the usual violation of the requirements of road signs (500 rubles).
If the sign prohibits entry to a one-way road, then the violation will entail a fine of 5,000 rubles or deprivation of rights for a period of 4 to 6 months.
Mandatory signs
Mandatory road signs are the opposite of the prohibition signs discussed above. Mandatory signs allow only certain road users to perform certain actions.
For example, the road sign "bike path" allows only cyclists:
Various fines may be imposed for violating the requirements of prescriptive signs.
For example, for leaving the footpath, the driver will receive a fine of 2,000 rubles (Part 2 of Article 12.15 of the Code of Administrative Offenses).
Signs of special regulations
Signs of special prescriptions combine elements of both prohibitory and prescriptive signs.
For example, sign 5.19.1 "pedestrian crossing" allows pedestrians to cross the carriageway, and the sign "zone with a maximum speed limit" prohibits exceeding the speed limit on a selected section of the road.
Penalties for violation of the requirements of signs of special requirements depend on the type of sign and can vary widely.
Signs of additional information (plates)
Additional information signs serve to clarify the meanings of road signs from other sections.
For example, a "wet surface" sign indicates that the sign is valid only for the period of time when the road surface is wet.
Every pedestrian should know the rules of the road and follow everyone, including the motorist. But not everyone knows that they also apply to pedestrians, since they are also road users.
And in the traffic rules there are special signs that are created specifically for pedestrians, so their observance is mandatory.
Signs Pedestrians Should Know
On his way, every pedestrian encounters certain traffic signs. And it is better if he is aware of their meanings, so as not to get into an awkward situation. All road signs for pedestrians are intended primarily to inform and warn them while walking on the street.
Information signs
Crosswalk
Such a sign informs pedestrians that it is possible to cross the carriageway on a particular section of the road. It has a square shape. And the same sign, but triangular in shape, is intended for motorists who should be extremely attentive in this zone and let pedestrians through.
According to the traffic rules, such an information sign should be installed near the "zebra", a special marking on the road, along which pedestrians should move while driving through the carriageway.
Underground crossing
It is also an information pointer. And he informs citizens about the presence of an underpass, which must be used if necessary to cross the road. It is especially important to teach this sign to children so that they always use the underpass, and not run across the roadway.
Bus stop
It is intended to inform citizens that route vehicles are stopping at a given place. Such a sign is installed, it should be directly at the place of boarding passengers. It has a rectangular shape with a picture of a bus inside.
Tram station
The meaning is similar to the previous sign, it will only carry information about the immediate place where the trams stop. It will be easier for pedestrians to navigate if there are such signs on the street.
It is also installed in close proximity to the place where the vehicle stops. It is very important to explain to young children the rules of behavior in such places, and how dangerous it can be if you suddenly run out onto the roadway.
Mandatory signs
Footpath
Such a sign, according to traffic rules, is prescriptive. And it is installed in those places that are areas for pedestrians. That is, there can be no movement of any type of transport, including bicycles.
Since pedestrians are full participants in the traffic, as stated in the traffic rules, they must comply with the general rules of behavior on the road. Namely, to adhere to the right lane while driving, and not to interfere with other citizens.
Such a designation, as the beginning of a pedestrian zone, will look like an image of a person in a circle on a blue background.
Bike Lane
It is also a prescriptive notation. In appearance, it is similar to the sign about the beginning of the footpath, but instead of a person, a bicycle is depicted there.
Such a pointer will indicate that the movement of bicycles and mopeds is allowed in this place. All other modes of transport are prohibited from moving here. Pedestrians can also walk along the bike path if there is no sidewalk for them nearby.
Such dedicated zones are created in cities specifically for movement on these modes of transport. Be sure to teach children to recognize this sign, if it is available in the city. Then their cycling in the specified area will be safe.
prohibition signs
Entry ban
Such a pointer refers to prohibition signs. This pointer means that further movement in the territory in front of which the sign is installed is not allowed. This applies to any vehicle, including bicycles. If a person on a bicycle needs to overcome a section of the road that is prohibited for transport, you just need to continue further movement, but already as a pedestrian, carrying your bike nearby.
Such a sign is known to everyone as a "brick", a white rectangle in a circle on a red background. It is worth noting here that all the signs that prohibit this or that action are red.
Cycling is prohibited
Such a prohibition sign looks like an image of a bicycle on a white background in a circle with a red frame. Its installation is appropriate in places where cycling can be dangerous. Usually these are busy sections of the road. Also, it is worth noting that it is impossible to ride a bicycle on a motorway, even if there is no prohibition sign there.
Pedestrian traffic is prohibited
In appearance, such a prohibitory sign is an image of a person crossed out with a red line, in a circle on a white background and in a red frame.
Also, they install it in places where, according to traffic rules, it will be dangerous to move on foot. And it's not just a busy highway or motorway. Such a sign can be installed as a temporary sign on certain sections of the road. For example. When road works are carried out, or repair work on the facades of houses. Dangerous areas for pedestrians must be equipped with appropriate signs. And pedestrians, in turn, must know them and follow the rules.
Summing up
All traffic signs are divided into eight groups, each of which serves to convey certain information to the driver. This article discusses in detail the features of each type of plates, as well as their main functions.
Groups of traffic signs
All signs used on the territory of the Russian Federation are divided into the following groups:
- warning signs;
- priority signs;
- prohibition signs;
- prescriptive signs;
- signs of special prescriptions;
- information signs;
- service marks;
- additional information signs.
Each group of road signs has its own shape and color tone. In addition, all plates have a digital identifier. The first digit is the group, the second is the number within the group, and the third is the species.
Each group serves to convey to the driver any information or a ban on movement.
Classification of road signs- warning signs
Distinctive features of such signs are triangular-shaped plates, a white background on which symbols are applied in black paint, and a red edging.
A warning sign, according to the rules, is placed 50 or 100 meters before the danger zone in urban or rural areas, and 150-300 meters on roads outside settlements. If it is not possible to install a sign at the prescribed distance, the distance to the dangerous area in meters is indicated at the bottom of the plate. Such road signs, as a rule, have a triangular shape, so it is almost impossible to confuse them.
Warning signs are installed rectangular and cross-shaped. Their installation is determined by separate norms and rules. So, signs 1.1, 1.2, 1.9, 1.10 and some others are placed exclusively outside cities and villages. The minimum information distance regarding the danger zone is 50 meters. Plates 1.23 and 1.25 are installed directly on the emergency section.
Warning signs 1.7, 1.17, 1.22 indicate that there is no roundabout or pedestrian crossing further along the path. They are additionally accompanied by plates from other groups.
What road signs are from the group of priority characters
Priority plates indicate a certain one, which is considered the main one in relation to other movement trajectories. Usually you see such signs at intersections and other similar areas with difficult traffic. Regulation signs may also be placed on narrow roads.
The sign "Movement without stopping is prohibited" is most often found near railways and barriers to prevent train emergencies.
In some cases, on the road you can see a regulatory sign and a traffic light, or a sign and a traffic controller. In this case, priority is given to traffic signals or a traffic controller / traffic police officer. Be careful under these circumstances. Only if the traffic light is turned off, you need to focus on the sign.
Types of traffic signs- prohibition signs
As could be understood from the name of the group, prohibition signs inform the driver about the prohibition of movement.
In turn, such signs are divided into prohibitory and restrictive. In the first case, passage is strictly prohibited, and in the second, it is allowed to continue driving, but with maximum caution.
Prohibition signs are always round, with a white background, on which a certain pattern is applied in black paint. The exception is four plates with a blue background. In addition, there are four black and white signs that allow previously prohibited traffic.
The signs of this group are the most difficult to learn: for prohibition and limiting signs, some exceptions have been introduced that apply to specific modes of transport. In addition, it is difficult to navigate in the territory of action of a sign.
- The first exception applies to drivers who have turned on special signals and red-blue lights and are performing some official mission. In this case, any prohibition sign can be ignored.
- Signs 16, 3.17.1, 3.17.2, 3.17.3, 3.20, 3.24 must be taken into account by all motorists.
- The presence of plates 1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.18.1, 3.18.2, 3.19, 3.27 does not apply to minibuses.
- Signs 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.28, 3.29, 3.30 may ignore post cars.
- Plates numbered 3.2, 3.3, 3.28, 3.29, 3.30 may be neglected by drivers carrying disabled people of the first and second groups.
- Ignore signs 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8 have the right to employees of factories and enterprises located in the area of the sign, as well as drivers carrying passengers who live in this area.
- Taxi drivers with an activated meter can ignore signs 3.28, 3.29 and 3.30.
- Plate 3.26 allows you to horn to prevent an accident.
- And the last exception - sign 3.20 allows you to go around a car that cannot reach a speed of more than 30 kilometers per hour, as well as a motorcycle, bicycle or wagon.
It is often difficult to figure out where the action of a particular sign ends. To do this, learn four rules.
- The action of specific signs ceases before the first intersection.
- If a certain plate is installed in an urban or rural area, then its validity is terminated outside the territory of the settlement. Outside the city or village there is always a crossed out sign with the name of the settlement.
- The coverage area may be indicated on the sign itself.
- Sign 3.31 cancels all previous ones.
Types of road signs- prescriptive signs
Similar signs apply to absolutely everyone. They can indicate the direction in which it is allowed to continue moving, the maximum or the route of passage for special vehicles. In addition, mandatory signs may allow pedestrians or cyclists to move.
Almost all such signs are round, with a blue background and white pictograms.
Features of road signs
- Tablets 4.1.1 - 4.1.6 indicate the trajectory of traffic at a particular intersection.
- On the signs 4.1.3, 4.1.5 and 4.1.6 an arrow is drawn, which allows movement exclusively to the left. In addition, in this place you can turn around.
- Signs 4.1.1 - 4.1.6 can be ignored by drivers of minibuses and buses.
8 groups of road signs
Four groups of road signs were considered above. It remains to disassemble the same number of types, namely: signs of special requirements, information signs, service plates and signs of additional information.
Categories of road signs- signs of special regulations
On some roads it is impossible to establish a generally accepted traffic norm. It is in such situations that special prescription signs are used that inform drivers about special driving modes.
- Signs 5.23.1, 5.23.2, 5.24.1, 5.24.2 are placed on the territory for which the traffic rules for settlements are relevant.
- Tablets 5.25 and 5.26 inform about the invalidity of the rules for urban or rural areas.
- Signs 5.27, 5.29, 5.31, 5.33 apply to a specific area without exception, whether it is an intersection or any other road with non-standard traffic.
Group of information signs
Similar plates were created for drivers about different settlements, as well as the location of certain cities and villages.
These signs are always rectangular, and the main color may vary, depending on the subgroup. For example, a green background is used for highway features. A white background is used to indicate objects within a certain point, yellow - if roads are being repaired. Blue is used to indicate routes outside the city.
Categories of traffic signs- signs of additional information
Additional signs serve for more detailed information. They are complementary to the main characters. Therefore, they cannot be used on their own. According to the rules, no more than three plates can be attached to one sign.
If the additional sign contradicts the main sign, the driver must follow the instructions of the temporary plate. Additional signs are mainly installed during renovation work.
Categories of road signs- service marks
As you might have guessed, such signs indicate various points, for example, car repairs or refueling.
They are hung in the city near the object itself, and in the countryside, or outside the city, in advance - from 400 meters to 80 kilometers.
