Transportation of gasoline. Rules for the carriage of fuels and lubricants by road. Rolling stock for transportation of petroleum products

GOST 1510-84 establishes the rules for packaging and labeling, storage and transportation of oil and oil products. When using and transporting leaded gasoline, the sanitary rules approved by the Ministry of Health, regulated by regulatory and technical documents, must be observed.

For transportation, liquid fuel is packed in railway tanks and tank trucks, gondola cars, tankers. It is transported by all types of transport: pipeline, rail, road, air, sea and river. When transporting fuel oil, it is necessary to provide for the conditions for its heating in order to reduce the viscosity to a level that ensures the possibility of pumping and draining.

Liquid fuels of each brand must be stored in separate metal and reinforced concrete tanks, excluding the ingress of atmospheric precipitation and dust. The filling degree of the tanks should be as high as possible, since the loss of fuel depends on it. Thus, in a tank filled with gasoline, 90% annual losses are 0.4%, and 20% -13.6% of the stored fuel mass. The guaranteed shelf life in warehouses, oil depots and filling stations for motor gasoline is 5 years from the date of manufacture, for aviation gasoline - 2 years.

Each batch of petroleum products must be accompanied by a quality document (passport) containing the name of the liquid fuel, its brand and standard number; name or trademark of the manufacturer, gross and net weight (and, if necessary, the volume of packed petroleum product), date of manufacture; batch number; the inscription "Flammable" - for light petroleum products, the inscription "Poison" - for poisonous.

The documents must also indicate the norms of quality indicators established by the normative and technical documentation, and the results of testing this oil product. Petroleum products are taken by weight, which is determined by weighing, or by volume and density. After determining the mass of the oil product, it is compared with that indicated in the invoice, the passport is checked and, if all indicators are met, the arrived fuel is poured into the tanks. If the oil product arrived without a passport (the tank number does not correspond to the number indicated in the accompanying documents; the seals on the tank are damaged or missing; the tank is sealed by an intermediate station, and not by the sender's station), the consignee is obliged to analyze a sample of this oil product in the laboratory and not consume (do not accept ) it before issuing a passport. If the quality of the resulting oil product does not correspond to the standard, an act is drawn up in the prescribed form. One sample taken from the tank with the participation of a railway representative is kept by the consignee for arbitration analysis until the claim is resolved.

Gasolines are explosive, flammable and flammable liquids. In rooms where liquid fuel is stored, strict adherence to fire safety rules is required: smoking, lighting matches, as well as carrying out repairs that generate sparks are strictly prohibited; storage of oily rags and foreign objects in the warehouse. For prophylaxis, periodic inspection of electrical wiring and insulators should be carried out, the condition of the grounding of tanks, pipelines, unloading and other equipment should be checked.

Liquid fuels are toxic substances and have a harmful effect on human health; they can enter the human body through the respiratory system and the oral cavity.

The danger of poisoning exists at all stages of production, storage, transportation and especially the use of liquid fuels. The maximum concentration in the air is strictly regulated: for solvent gasoline, it should not exceed 300 mg / m 3; for motor gasoline - 100 mg / m 3 and for kerosene - 300 mg / m 3. Leaded gasoline is the most dangerous, since tetraethyl lead is a persistent strong poison that accumulates in the human body, on surrounding objects and clothing.

For storage, reception, dispensing of leaded gasoline, special containers, intake-dispensing risers, dispensers, pumps and pipelines should be allocated. Equipment for operations with it is painted in a bright color that distinguishes it from the rest, with large inscriptions in indelible paint "Leaded gasoline. Poison".

Compliance with safety rules when handling liquid fuel prevents accidents, accidents, and its loss. Persons who have been properly instructed and passed a safety examination may be allowed to work with liquid fuels.

We are all motorists, to one degree or another. Personal cars, taxis, buses, trams ... Therefore, questions related to fuel worry many, do you agree? But its - fuel - it is not enough to produce. It still needs to be delivered, stored and distributed. Needy. US.

Therefore, I propose to trace: what is the way gasoline goes from the refinery to our car. We throw lots, and ... Voila: we will look at the example of Petersburg Fuel Company, one of the largest operators in the north-west of Russia.

So ... Freshly prepared gasoline, poured into tanks, sets off. Up to your consumer. Long or short, but in the end, he arrives at the oil depot. In our case, this is the Ruchyi oil depot, owned by PTK

02. First of all, tanks go through volume control. Well, what if they didn’t fill up at the plant. Or merged somewhere along the way. Life, you know, is such a thing)

03. And even seals may not help. Therefore, a representative of the supplier, or an outside observer, is involved in the acceptance. So that everything is fair.

04. If everything is in order, start downloading. The compressor station can serve 32 tanks at the same time.

05. Fuel is pumped into "tanks" through pipes, which oilmen lyrically call "flutes". For some reason, I immediately remembered from Mayakovsky "and you could play a nocturne on flutes ..." There, however, there were drainpipes. But oil is also nothing!

While the gasoline is pumping, we will look at various little things ...

06. Nice crab, isn't it?

07. Safety above all! By the way, I could not understand one icon without a prompt) And you?

08. Information plate on the tank.

09. So ... Fuel checked, capitalized, and pumped in. In "tanks" - such huge "barrels".

I, as a true blogger (!))), Of course, really wanted to see these things closer. And even climb. And even dive. But ... I forgot my hat. Kidding.
The oil depot is undergoing reconstruction and renovation. Therefore, they were not allowed there. Well, we'll have to come back a little later!)

I didn’t know, and I think it’s interesting: each tank has a special floating cover. It prevents the fuel from evaporating. Well, what, nevertheless, evaporated, is diverted through pipelines to a special station, where the vapors are condensed and, in the future, are used. By the way, steam is also collected from fuel trucks.

The "tanks" themselves stand in blocks of four - "squares" - in such concrete baths. In case of leakage of oil products. Well, you never know! So that it does not spread. Safety precautions!
By the way, all buildings with people are located along it, by the way. In case it blows. I'm joking. There was no such thing. And I'm sure it won't.

10. There is undoubtedly quality control at all stages of storage and transportation.

11. The PTK laboratory is said to be one of the most advanced in Russia. And in Europe, too. We believe!

By the way, at the Ruchyi oil depot, many and different networks of filling stations fill up gasoline. The same gasoline. The same fuel. Therefore, conversations, they say, "there is gasoline - sucks, and yesterday I refueled there, and how flooded!" - this, to put it mildly, is not entirely logical. Gasoline is usually the same.
It seems to me that it is better to just wash the car. So, as I wash it, so immediately "soooo flooded!")))

And our gasoline, meanwhile, splashes in containers and waits in the wings. "Its hour" comes when a buyer arrives for fuel. Well, or your own fuel tanker PTK.

12. At the oil depot, everything is automated. I arrived, held a special electronic card, filled in as much as it was supposed to, and left. And no paper documents. Everything is fast and clear.

13. In the meantime, our fuel truck rushes to the gas station, a few words about the director of the PTK - Andrei Gennadievich Mikheev. It's nice that a person in such a position is, after all, so open and benevolent. And an interesting storyteller. And pleasantly ironic) It seems to me that this is how it should be!)

14. Our fuel truck, meanwhile, drove to a gas station. Through such fittings, gasoline is poured into the underground storage.

Now at the gas station, of course, all accounting and control is automated. So, for example, if somewhere, suddenly, well, quite by accident, even 10 liters of gasoline is lost, the automation will say "Ata-taaa!"

15. Nevertheless, at the station there is a special "shtov", with which, if necessary, you can check the level in the container by simply lowering the pole inside. Is this a tradition ?!) The pole, by the way, is under lock and key.

16. By the way, did you know that any gas station must have a calibrated and sealed device that measures the amount of fuel? Therefore, if it seemed to you that the column was lying, and you were poured with less gasoline than you need, you can safely contact the operator who is obliged to take a control measurement. Keep in mind! But don't overdo it, please!)

17. PTK are now rebranding and, among other things, re-equipping their filling stations. Look, it was like this

18. It became so. In my opinion, it's pretty.

18. Although, of course, a modern gas station is not only an opportunity to refuel, but also a service.

19. Buy little things, pump up the wheels, or just have a cup of coffee. Nice, agree.

20. And also ... I was always attracted by the position of a gas station operator - there is a hundredooooo much money!) I could not resist, I climbed. I looked. Everything is fine!)

21. Well ... Since we are tracking the path of gasoline, I decide to refuel too! With a card - a discount. As much as fifty a liter. A trifle, but nice)

So that is all! We tracked the path of gasoline from the tank to the car. Hurray for us!)

Oh, no, not still ...

Puff!

Now - for sure, that's it!

It may seem that there is nothing complicated in the transportation of fuel. I poured it into a large barrel, which is called a gasoline tanker, and took it to the customers in the same way as they carry water or milk. And the fuel tanker itself is not much different from the milk tanker. Almost nothing! From the point of view of an amateur, this is so, but in fact, everything is much more complicated.

Let's start with the fact that any liquid fuel is dangerous cargo, of which there are a great many. Their transportation is regulated by many laws, therefore, the organization of such transportation was and remains an important and crucial moment.

Document classifying dangerous goods - GOST R 52734-2007. They all fall into the following categories:

1. Explosives which, under certain conditions, can lead to an explosion,
2. Gas and its varieties (compressed, liquefied, dissolved, etc.),
3. Flammable liquids, including explosive ones,
4. Solid flammable substances, or having spontaneous combustion properties by themselves or when interacting with water,
5. Various oxidizing agents and pyroxides,
6. Substances of an infectious and poisonous nature,
7. Radioactive materials,
8. Acids, alkalis, etc.,
9. Other substances that are also considered hazardous, but do not fit into one of the above groups.

Group 3 is precisely diesel fuel, gasoline and other liquid petroleum products. It is certainly not the most dangerous, but it requires very specific safety measures during transportation. Moreover, the law does not limit the methods of transportation. For example, diesel fuel can be delivered by any type of transport: rail, road, etc. Moreover, any vehicle must be specially equipped and personnel must have a special permit. There must be a UN N2 OOH sign and a danger sign number 3 on the back and front of the fuel tanker:

In addition, if more than 1000 liters of fuel are transported, the following conditions must be met:

• Availability of a document with the specified route of transportation.
• The presence of ADR (European Agreement on the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods), that is, a certificate of training the driver for the carriage of dangerous substances.
• The presence of a document stating that the vehicle is approved for the carriage of dangerous goods.
• Designation of a vehicle with hazardous cargo plates.
• Availability of fire extinguishing equipment.

The tank for transportation is prepared in a certain way. If other fuel was transported in it before filling, the tank must be thoroughly washed and dried. No mixing of flammable substances is allowed. The tank must be grounded, which will reduce the likelihood of spontaneous ignition of the transported fuel. The tank must be marked with a plate indicating the type of dangerous cargo. In the case of transportation in road tanks, these same tanks should be painted in a bright orange or red with an inscription "Flammable".

A driver who has undergone special training and medical supervision, has been driving such a vehicle for at least 3 years, and who is not under the influence of any drugs, may be allowed to drive a vehicle carrying dangerous goods. The driver must have a trace. the documents:

• Vehicle admission certificate (issued by the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at the place of registration).
• Carriage agreement in accordance with applicable law.
• A document defining the route of transportation (must be certified and / or drawn up by departments and divisions of the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, through the territory of which the route passes).
• Emergency card (to be filled in by the manufacturer of the hazardous substance).
• Consignment note.

Transporting fuel around the city of Moscow is even more difficult. It is necessary to have a special license permitting the transport of dangerous goods within the third transport ring. Our company has such a license and delivers fuel to any point in Moscow.

"Oil-Expo" - wholesale deliveries of diesel fuel and gasoline in Moscow and the region.

Dangerous cargo in road transport is, first of all, flammable, poisonous or even radioactive baggage in a car, transported for a specific purpose and in certain quantities. The carriage of dangerous goods is regulated by law. The main of these laws is called " European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road" (ADR). Drivers are most often interested in the rules for the carriage of such dangerous goods when it is required to transport gasoline or diesel fuel (diesel fuel) in the trunk.

So, ADR regulate the rules for the carriage of dangerous goods, and also have an exhaustive list of substances that can be classified as dangerous. This list includes, inter alia, gasoline, kerosene and almost all other flammable substances.

At the same time, ADR permits the transport of these dangerous substances to individuals for personal needs and for resale, but with a limited amount and only in a certain container.

The provisions of ADR do not apply:

• for the carriage of dangerous goods by private persons when these goods are packaged for retail sale and intended for their personal consumption, domestic use, leisure or sports, provided that measures are taken to prevent any leakage of the contents under normal conditions of carriage. When such goods are flammable liquids carried in refillable containers filled by a private person or for a private person, the total amount shall not exceed 60 liters per vessel and 240 liters per transport unit.

That is, dangerous goods in the form of the same gasoline or diesel fuel, for example, we can transport in a volume of no more than 240 liters in total (this is a little more than one barrel) and poured into containers of no more than 60 liters each.

There are also requirements for vessels - they should not allow liquid to leak out, therefore plastic cans are not suitable here. Gas stations, however, sell cans made of special plastic that does not corrode with fuel.

What is the penalty for transporting dangerous goods?

For violation of the rules for the carriage of dangerous goods, we will face a fine under article 12.21.2 of the Administrative Code in the amount of 2 to 2.5 thousand rubles or deprivation of rights for a period of 4 months to six months, if we are private persons, and even more if officials or legal entities ...

12.21.2 Administrative Code:

1. Transportation of dangerous goods by a driver who does not have a certificate of training for drivers of vehicles transporting dangerous goods, a certificate of admission of a vehicle to the carriage of dangerous goods, a special permit or an emergency card of the hazard information system provided for by the rules for the carriage of dangerous goods, as well as the carriage of dangerous goods. cargo on a vehicle, the design of which does not comply with the requirements of the regulations for the carriage of dangerous goods or on which there are no elements of the hazard information system or equipment or means used to eliminate the consequences of an accident in the transport of dangerous goods, or non-observance of the conditions for the carriage of dangerous goods provided for by the specified rules, entails the imposition of an administrative a fine for a driver in the amount of two thousand to two thousand five hundred rubles or deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of four to six months; on officials responsible for transportation - from fifteen thousand to twenty thousand rubles; for legal entities - from four hundred thousand to five hundred thousand rubles.

What substances are classified as dangerous goods?

Let's list the most common ones, which most often need to be transported! All substances have their own specific hazard class. First, we give a list of such classes, and then the common substances and the hazard class assigned to them.

• Class 1 - Explosive substances and articles
• Class 2 - Gases
• Class 3 - Flammable substances
• Class 4.1 - Flammable solids, self-reactive and solid explosives
• Class 4.2 - Substances liable to spontaneous combustion
• Class 4.3 - Substances which emit flammable gases when exposed to water
• Class 5.1 - Oxidizing substances
• Class 5.2 - Organic peroxides
• Class 6.1 - Toxic substances
• Class 6.2 - Infectious substances
• Class 7 - Radioactive substances
• Class 8 - Corrosive substances
• Class 9 - Other dangerous substances and articles

Hazardous substances

You can look at the full list of dangerous substances for transportation at

The group of companies "ABAS" provides services for the transportation of fuel in Moscow and the Moscow region. We work in strict accordance with federal law N 259-FZ and GOST 1510-84.

Transportation of fuel and lubricants requires high responsibility and modern technical equipment of the carrier company. The requirements of Federal Law N 259-FZ and GOST 1510-84 provide for a number of conformities, without which transport companies cannot be allowed to transport light oil products, dark oil products and other types of flammable and combustible liquids.

Requirements for the carriage of petroleum products by road:

1. Tanks should be painted in bright orange, red or bright, noticeable corporate colors.
2. The road train must be equipped with flashing beacons operating during the period of movement of laden vehicles.
3. Coordination of the route with the traffic police without deviations.
4. Transportation of petroleum products by road must be carried out by experienced drivers who have passed a medical examination before the flight.
5. Tank filling no more than 95%.

The group of companies "ABAS" has many years of trouble-free work experience and complies with all requirements for the carrier when transporting oil products.

Safety and responsibility during transportation of fuels and lubricants

In order to comply with the requirements of the Law and GOST, a transport company must have a number of characteristics, according to which it can be allowed to transport fuel by fuel trucks. Moscow, as a city with extremely busy traffic and high emergency danger, obliges to comply with these rules, not only because of the penalties provided for by the law, but in the name of the safety of many people.

• Fuel transportation is carried out by modern multilayer tanks with a capacity of 2.4 to 28.4 thousand liters on the basis of tractors no older than 2010.
• The machines are equipped with the Glonass system, which allows tracking the transportation of diesel fuel, dark heating oil and other types of fuels and lubricants in real time.
• Fire-fighting and anti-emergency equipment of road trains are the best examples of the latest generation.
• Pressure control and leakage prevention systems during transportation of fuels and lubricants guarding the safety of cargo, vehicles and facilities.
• The system of bottom discharge and pumping of fuel is thought out taking into account the convenience of partial passing unloading, which is important when transporting fuels and lubricants by road for several objects under one contract.