The novel “Eugene Onegin” is the great creation of the brilliant Pushkin. The immortal work reflects Russian life in the first decades of the 19th century with all the force of the author’s realism. The poet describes all aspects of Russian reality, all layers of the nation, and shows typical representatives of the noble society of that era. This typical image in the novel is the main character - Eugene Onegin, in whom the features of a “suffering egoist”, “superfluous person” are clearly visible.
Onegin is a child of secular society; he received the upbringing and education typical of a young nobleman. The main character of the novel speaks perfect French, dances well and bows gracefully, which is quite enough in high society. Onegin is considered an intelligent and sweet person. Pushkin ironically remarks:
We all learned a little bit
Something and somehow
So upbringing, thank God,
It’s no wonder for us to shine.
Evgeniy leads the life of a darling of fate, a sybarite. He spends time at endless balls, evenings, visits restaurants, theaters. The young nobleman perfectly mastered the “science of tender passion,” but the author notes that love intrigues occupied Onegin’s “yearning laziness.” The monotony and diversity of life in secular society gradually bores the main character. He becomes disillusioned with the emptiness and purposelessness of such an existence:
But early his feelings cooled down,
He was tired of the noise of the world...
Onegin differs from other representatives of secular Petersburg. He is smart and talented, capable of correctly assessing life and the people who surround him. No wonder Pushkin speaks with great sympathy about his hero. Evgeniy is the author’s “good... friend”. What is so sweet to Pushkin about the nature of the main character? The poet writes:
I liked his features
Involuntary devotion to dreams,
Inimitable strangeness
And a sharp, chilled mind.
It is these qualities that do not allow Onegin to continue to lead an idle life. However, the tragedy of the hero is that he well understands the wrongness of such a life, but does not know how to live. Evgeniy is trying to change the sluggish passage of time, he is trying to engage in useful activities in order to somehow shake himself up. The main character begins to read books and engages in writing, but this does not lead to anything good. Pushkin reveals the truth to us:
But he was sick of hard work...
Life in high society destroys in a person the habit of work, the desire to act. This is what happens with Onegin. His soul simply withered under the influence of the light. Evgeniy is frankly bored in any company. He does everything “out of boredom,” “just to pass the time.” This is what explains Onegin’s friendship with Lensky and the implementation of reforms on the protagonist’s estate. Evgeny values his peace most of all, so he does not want to reciprocate Tatyana Larina when the girl herself confesses her love to the hero. Onegin sees that Tatyana is an original and deep nature, but the egoist in Eugene is stronger than Pushkin’s “good friend”. Onegin inflicts a spiritual wound on “sweet Tanya”, he arouses the jealousy of the naive and ardent Lensky, and the reason for everything is the “longing laziness” of the protagonist. He is an egoist, but a suffering egoist. Onegin's actions and behavior bring misfortune not only to those around him, but also to himself. He lived too long in high society and absorbed all the vices of that society, “living without a goal, without work until he was twenty-six years old.” Evgeny tried to leave, to break with secular Petersburg, but he failed to achieve this. A child of light, he cannot rise above the wretched landed nobility surrounding the hero and prefers to shoot with Lensky so as not to become an object of ridicule. Realizing that he needs to make peace with Vladimir, Evgeniy nevertheless fires a fatal shot for the young poet. After the murder of Lensky, Evgeny suffers, but the fear of gossip and slander turned out to be stronger than the feeling of his own wrong. Onegin was afraid of the opinions of those people whom he himself despised, at whom he laughed in conversations with Lensky. Selfishness also lies at the basis of Evgeny’s attitude towards Tatyana Larina. The hero of Pushkin's novel did not want to respond to the feelings of the naive girl, even realizing that she was worthy of love. Onegin did not want to change his habits:
No matter how much I love you,
Once I get used to it, I’ll stop loving it immediately.
However, Evgeny falls passionately in love with Tatiana when she becomes a noble lady, a representative of the capital's society, and Larina understands well what is the reason for Onegin's feelings for her. This is the love of an egoist, brought up in secular St. Petersburg and well aware of the “science of tender passion.”
The image of Onegin opens a gallery of “superfluous people” in Russian literature of the 19th century. Without him, Pechorin, rightly called the “younger brother” of Pushkin’s hero, would have been impossible; there are features of Evgeniy in Oblomov and Rudin. Eugene Onegin is a typical hero of the era of the twenties, a “suffering egoist” that society made him that way.
Pushkin A. S.
Essay on the work on the topic: The duality of the image of secular society in the novel “Eugene Onegin”
Human consciousness and the system of life values, as is known, are largely shaped by moral laws adopted in society. Pushkin writes in the novel about both the capital and the Moscow and provincial nobility.
The author of the novel pays special attention to the St. Petersburg nobility, a typical representative of which is Eugene Onegin. The poet describes in every detail the day of his hero, and Onegin’s day is a typical day of a metropolitan nobleman. Thus, Pushkin recreates a picture of the life of the entire St. Petersburg secular society. A fashionable daytime stroll along a specific route (“Wearing a wide bolivar, Onegin goes to the boulevard.”), lunch at a restaurant, a visit to the theater. Moreover, for Onegin the theater is not an artistic spectacle or even a kind of club, but rather a place of love affairs and behind-the-scenes hobbies. Pushkin gives his hero the following characteristics:
The theater is an evil legislator,
Fickle Adorer
Charming actresses
Honorary citizen of the scenes.
Pushkin describes Onegin's office and his outfit in great detail. The author seems to want to once again emphasize the isolation of young people of that time from the national soil, because from early childhood they were in an atmosphere of a foreign language, people (governesses and tutors were foreigners) and things. (“But trousers, tailcoat, vest, / All these words are not in Russian.”). The day of the young dandy ends with a ball, a favorite pastime of the capital's nobles.
Pushkin speaks of St. Petersburg high society with a fair amount of irony and without much sympathy, because life in the capital is “monotonous and colorful,” and “the noise of the world gets boring very quickly.”
The local, provincial nobility is represented very widely in the novel. This is Onegin’s uncle, the Larin family guests at Tatyana’s name day, Zaretsky.
Onegin’s uncle was a “village old-timer”, he was busy quarreling with the housekeeper, looking out the window, squashing flies and reading the “eighth year calendar”.
Prominent representatives of the provincial nobility gather at Tatiana’s name day: Gvozdin, “an excellent owner, the owner of poor men”; Petushkov, “county dandy”; Flyanov, “heavy gossip, old rogue.” If Pushkin introduces real historical figures, for example Kaverin, into the story about the capital’s nobility, then in this case the author uses the names of famous literary characters: Skotinins are the heroes of Fonvizin’s “The Minor,” Buyanov is the hero of V.L. Pushkin’s “Dangerous Neighbor.” The author also uses telling surnames. For example, Triquet means “beaten with a stick” - a hint that he cannot be accepted in high society, but in the provinces he is a welcome guest.
Not far from Lensky lives Zaretsky, “once a brawler”, “the head of a rake”, now “a single father of a family”, “a peaceful landowner”. But he cannot be called a decent person, because he loves “to quarrel young friends / And put them on the barrier.” This is what happens in the case of Lensky and Onegin. In general, Zaretsky is responsible for the death of Lensky; although he, as a second, could have prevented the duel, he did everything possible to ensure that it took place.
And Vladimir Lensky can be classified as a local nobleman. He is “a romantic and nothing more,” according to Belinsky’s definition. As a romantic, he does not know life at all, he sees people either in a rosy or black light (“He was an ignoramus at heart.”). He is alienated from national culture, perhaps more so than Onegin (his neighbors call Lensky half-Russian). When discussing the future of Vladimir Lensky, Pushkin sees two possible paths. Following the first of them, he could become Kutuzov, Nelson or Napoleon, or even end his life like Ryleev, because Lensky is a passionate man, capable of a reckless, but heroic act (in this he is close to Pushkin). But his trouble is that the environment in which he finds himself is hostile to him, in it he is considered an eccentric. Lensky would rather take the second path:
Or maybe even that: a poet
The ordinary one was waiting for his fate.
He would have become an ordinary landowner, like Onegin’s uncle or Dmitry Larin.
Larin, about whom Belinsky says that he is “something like a polyp, belonging at the same time to two kingdoms of nature - plant and animal,” was a “kind fellow,” but in general an ordinary person (evidence of this is the Ochakov medal , which was not an individual award, unlike the order). His wife was fond of books in her youth, but this hobby was rather age-related. She got married against her will, was taken to the village, where she “was torn and cried at first,” but then she took up housekeeping and “got used to it and became happy.”
The world of the landed nobility is far from perfect, because in it spiritual interests and needs are not decisive, just like intellectual interests (“Their conversation is prudent / About haymaking, about wine; / About the kennel, about their relatives”). However, Pushkin writes about him with more sympathy than about St. Petersburg. In the provincial nobility, naturalness and spontaneity are preserved as properties of human nature (“The neighbors are a good family, / Unceremonious friends”). The local nobles were quite close to the people in terms of their attitude and way of life. This is manifested in the attitude towards nature and religion, in the observance of traditions (“They kept in their peaceful life / The habits of dear old times.”).
Pushkin pays less attention to the Moscow nobility than to the St. Petersburg nobility. Several years have passed since Pushkin wrote the 1st chapter of his novel, and A. S. Griboyedov finished the comedy “Woe from Wit,” but Pushkin introduces Griboyedov’s lines into the seventh chapter, thereby emphasizing that since then there has been little what changed. The ancient capital has always been patriarchal. So, for example, Tatyana is met at her aunt’s by a gray-haired Kalmyk, and the fashion for Kalmyks was at the end of the 18th century. The Moscow nobility is a collective image, in contrast to the St. Petersburg nobility, where Evgeny Onegin is the main character. Pushkin, speaking about Moscow, seems to populate it with the heroes of Griboyedov’s comedy, whom time has not changed (“But no change is visible in them, / Everything about them is like the old model.”). A real historical figure also appears in Moscow society: “Vyazemsky somehow sat down with her (Tatyana).” But in Moscow there is still the same bustle, “noise, laughter, running around, bowing,” which leaves both Tatyana and the author indifferent.
The author himself assesses the influence of high society ambiguously. Chapter 1 gives a sharply satirical depiction of light. The tragic 6th chapter ends with a lyrical digression - the author’s reflections on the age limit that he is preparing to cross: “Will I soon be thirty years old?” And he calls on “young inspiration” to save the “soul of the poet” from death, not to let
.get stoned
In the deadening ecstasy of light,
In this pool where I am with you
I'm swimming, dear friends!
So, a whirlpool that deadens the soul.
But here is the 8th chapter:
.and now I’m a muse for the first time
I bring it to a social event.
And what?
She likes the harmonious order of oligarchic conversations, And the coldness of calm pride, And this mixture of ranks and years.
Y. Lotman very correctly explains this contradiction: “The image of light received a double illumination: on the one hand, the world is soulless and mechanistic, it remained an object of condemnation, on the other hand, as the sphere in which Russian culture develops, life is inspired by the play of intellectual and spiritual forces, Poetry, pride, like the world of Karamzin and the Decembrists, Zhukovsky and the author of “Eugene Onegin” himself, it retains unconditional value.
Society is heterogeneous. It depends on the person himself whether he will accept the moral laws of the cowardly majority or the best representatives of the world.”
http://vsekratko.ru/pushkin/evgenijonegin5
In the novel “Eugene Onegin,” Pushkin outlined with light strokes the nobility - the people in whose company Eugene Onegin moved, and with whom, in addition to the main characters, he had to maintain relationships and communicate. The capital's nobility was strikingly different from the provincial landowners who lived in the outback. This gap was all the more noticeable the less often landowners traveled to the capital. The interests, level of culture, and education of both were often at different levels.
The images of landowners and high society nobility were only partly fictitious. Pushkin himself moved among them, and most of the paintings depicted in the work were spotted at social events, balls, and dinners. The poet communicated with provincial society during his forced exile in Mikhailovskoye and during his stay in Boldino. Therefore, the life of the nobility, both in the countryside and in Moscow and St. Petersburg, is depicted by poets with knowledge of the matter.
Provincial landed nobility
Along with the Larin family, other landowners lived in the province. The reader meets most of them at their name day. But some sketches to the portraits of neighboring landowners can be seen in the second chapter, when Onegin settled in the village. Simple in their mental makeup, even somewhat primitive people tried to make friends with their new neighbor, but as soon as he saw the droshky approaching, he mounted his horse and rode off the back porch so as not to be noticed. The maneuver of the newly-minted landowner was noticed, and the neighbors, offended by their best intentions, stopped their attempts to establish friendship with Onegin. Pushkin interestingly describes the reaction to the replacement of corvée with quitrent:
But in his corner he sulked,
Seeing this as terrible harm,
His calculating neighbor;
The other smiled slyly
And everyone decided out loud,
That he is a most dangerous weirdo.
The attitude of the nobles towards Onegin became hostile. Sharp-tongued gossips began to talk about him:
“Our neighbor is ignorant; crazy;
He is a pharmacist; he drinks one
A glass of red wine;
He doesn't suit ladies' arms;
All Yes Yes No; won't tell yes sir
Il no with" That was the general voice.
Invented stories can show the level of intelligence and education of people. And since he left much to be desired, Lensky was also not happy with his neighbors, although he paid them visits out of politeness. Although
Lords of neighboring villages
He didn't like feasts;
Some landowners whose daughters were growing up dreamed of getting a “rich neighbor” to be their son-in-law. And since Lensky did not seek to fall into anyone’s skillfully placed networks, he also began to visit his neighbors less and less:
He ran away from their noisy conversation.
Their conversation is sensible
About haymaking, about wine,
About the kennel, about my relatives.
In addition, Lensky was in love with Olga Larina and spent almost all his evenings with their family.
Almost all the neighbors came to Tatyana’s name day:
With his burly wife
Fat Pustyakov arrived;
Gvozdin, an excellent owner,
Owner of poor men;
Here Pushkin is clearly being ironic. But, unfortunately, there were quite a few of the landowners like the Gvozdins, who fleeced their men like sticks.
The Skotinins, the gray-haired couple,
With children of all ages, counting
From thirty to two years;
District dandy Petushkov,
My cousin, Buyanov,
In down, in a cap with a visor
(As you know him, of course)
And retired adviser Flyanov,
Heavy gossip, old rogue,
Glutton, bribe taker and buffoon.XXVII
With the family of Panfil Kharlikov
Monsieur Triquet also arrived,
Witty, recently from Tambov,
With glasses and a red wig.
Pushkin does not need to spend long stanzas characterizing the guest landowners. The names spoke for themselves.
The celebration was attended not only by landowners representing several generations. The older generation was represented by the Skotinins, a gray-haired couple, they were clearly over 50, retired adviser Flyanov, he was also well over 40. In each family there were children who made up the younger generation, who were happy about the regimental orchestra and dancing.
The provincial nobility tries to imitate the capital by organizing balls and celebrations, but here everything is much more modest. If in St. Petersburg they offer dishes prepared by French chefs from overseas products, then in the provinces they put their own supplies on the table. The over-salted fatty pie was prepared by yard cooks, and liqueurs and liqueurs were made from berries and fruits collected in one’s own garden.
In the next chapter, which describes the preparation for the duel, the reader will meet another landowner
Zaretsky, once a brawler,
Ataman of the gambling gang,
The head is a rake, a tavern tribune,
Now kind and simple
The father of the family is single,
Reliable friend, peaceful landowner
And even an honest person.
It’s him, Onegin is afraid, never having decided to offer reconciliation to Lensky. He knew that Zaretsky could
Encourage young friends to quarrel
And put them on the barrier,
Or force them to make peace,
To have breakfast together,
And then secretly dishonor
A funny joke, a lie.
Moscow Noble Society
Tatiana came to Moscow not by chance. She came with her mother to the brides fair. Close relatives of the Larins lived in Moscow, and Tatyana and her mother stayed with them. In Moscow, Tatyana came into close contact with noble society, which was more archaic and rigid than in St. Petersburg or the provinces.
In Moscow, Tanya was greeted warmly and cordially by her relatives. The old ladies were scattered in memories, the “young graces of Moscow”, having taken a closer look at their new relative and friend, found a common language with her, shared the secrets of beauty and fashion, talked about their heartfelt victories and tried to extract her secrets from Tatyana. But
the secret of your heart,
Treasured treasure of tears and happiness,
Keeps silent meanwhile
And it is not shared with anyone.
Guests came to Aunt Alina's mansion. To avoid appearing too distracted or arrogant,
Tatyana wants to listen
In conversations, in general conversation;
But everyone in the living room is occupied
Such incoherent, vulgar nonsense;
Everything about them is so pale and indifferent;
They slander even boringly.
All this was not interesting to the romantically inclined girl, who, deep down, was perhaps waiting for some kind of miracle. She often stood somewhere on the side, and only
Archive young men in a crowd
They look at Tanya primly
And about her among themselves
They speak unfavorably.
Of course, such “archival youths” could not interest the young lady. Here Pushkin used the Old Church Slavonic form of the adjective to emphasize that the “young men” belonged to the “past century.” At the end of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, late marriages were not uncommon. Men were forced to serve in order to make a certain fortune, and only then got married. But they chose young girls as brides. So marriages that were unequal in age were not uncommon at that time. They looked down on the provincial young lady.
Together with her mother or cousins, Tatyana visited theaters and was taken to Moscow balls.
There is cramped space, excitement, heat,
Music roars, candles sparkle,
Flashing, a whirlwind of fast steams,
Beauties have light dresses,
Choirs full of people,
A vast semicircle of brides,
All the senses are suddenly struck.
Here they seem to be smart dandies
Your impudence, your vest
And an inattentive lorgnette.
Here the hussars are on vacation
They are in a hurry to appear, to thunder,
Shine, captivate and fly away.
At one of the balls, her future husband drew attention to Tatiana.
Nobles of St. Petersburg
In the first part of the poetic novel, the secular society of St. Petersburg was described with light sketches, from an outside perspective. Pushkin writes about Onegin’s father that
Having served excellently and nobly,
His father lived in debt
Gave three balls annually,
And finally squandered it.
Onegin Sr. was not the only one who lived this way. For many nobles this was the norm. Another touch of the secular society of St. Petersburg:
Here is my Onegin free;
Haircut in the latest fashion,
How dandy London dressed -
And finally saw the light.
He's completely French
He could express himself and wrote;
I danced the mazurka easily
And he bowed casually;
What do you want more? The light has decided
That he is smart and very nice.
With his description, Pushkin shows what interests and worldviews the aristocratic youth have.
No one is embarrassed that the young man does not serve anywhere. If a noble family has estates and serfs, then why serve? In the eyes of some mothers, perhaps Onegin was a good match for the marriage of their daughters. This is one of the reasons why young people are accepted and invited to balls and dinners in society.
Sometimes he was still in bed:
They bring notes to him.
What? Invitations? Indeed,
Three houses for the evening call:
There will be a ball, there will be a children's party.
But Onegin, as you know, did not seek to tie the knot. Although he was an expert in the “science of tender passion.”
Pushkin describes the ball to which Onegin arrived. This description also serves as a sketch for characterizing St. Petersburg morals. At such balls young people met and fell in love
I was crazy about balls:
Or rather, there is no room for confessions
And for delivering a letter.
O you, honorable spouses!
I will offer you my services;
Please notice my speech:
I want to warn you.
You, mamas, are also stricter
Follow your daughters:
Hold your lorgnette straight!
At the end of the novel, St. Petersburg secular society is no longer as faceless as at the beginning.
Through the close row of aristocrats,
Military dandies, diplomats
And she glides over proud ladies;
So she sat down quietly and looked,
Admiring the noisy crowded space,
Flashing dresses and speeches,
The phenomenon of slow guests
In front of the young hostess...
The author introduces the reader to Nina Voronskaya, a dazzling beauty. Pushkin gives a detailed portrait of the capital's secular society in his description of dinner at Tatiana's house. All the cream of society, as they said then, gathered here. Describing the people present at the dinner, Pushkin shows how high Tatyana rose up the hierarchical ladder, having married a prince, a military officer and a veteran of the Patriotic War of 1812.
color of the capital,
And know, and fashion samples,
Faces you meet everywhere
Necessary fools;
There were elderly ladies here
In caps and roses, looking angry;
There were several girls here
No smiling faces;
There was a messenger who said
On government affairs;
Here he was in fragrant gray hair
The old man joked in the old way:
Excellently subtle and clever,
Which is a little funny these days.Here he was avid for epigrams,
Angry gentleman:
But, along with representatives of high society, the dinner was attended by several random people who ended up here due to various circumstances
Prolasov was here, who deserved
Fame for the baseness of the soul,
Dulled in all albums,
St.-Priest, your pencils;
Another ballroom dictator is at the door
It stood like a magazine picture,
Blush like a pussy willow cherub,
Strapped, mute and motionless,
And a wandering traveler,
Overstarched impudent man.
Noble status placed very high demands on its representatives. And in Russia there were many truly worthy nobles. But in the novel “Eugene Onegin” Pushkin shows, along with brilliance and luxury, vices, emptiness and vulgarity. The tendency to spend, living beyond one's means, and the desire to imitate, the reluctance to serve and benefit society, the impracticality and carelessness of secular society are fully shown in the novel. These lines were intended to make readers, most of whom represented this very nobility, think, and reconsider their way of life. It is not surprising that “Eugene Onegin” was received ambiguously by the reading public, and not always favorably.
One of the key roles in the novel “Eugene Onegin” is played by secular society in the role of the Russian aristocracy.
Like every society, it is located several steps higher than those around it due to its development. But, in principle, it does nothing, since it cannot find within itself the strength and opportunity to realize something.
St. Petersburg society appears in the novel to the reader with a touch of sarcasm and irony. Onegin himself is part of this society. But at the same time, describing Onegin’s office, Pushkin pays attention to the fact that, even entering this society, Onegin, like other young people, are slowly separated from their traditions, because he has a newer, different upbringing.
The author himself likes the local nobility in the description. It is described quite colorfully and broadly, it still contains ease, the very essence of human nature. The people who belong to this society are closest to ordinary people in their home life and worldview. One of the most prominent representatives of the local nobility were Onegin’s uncle, the Larin family. But such a society is very far from ideal, since it does not have any defining needs. The same goes for interests. Lensky can be attributed to the same society.
Pushkin paid the least amount of attention to Moscow society in the novel. One thing we can only say is that here society has always been distinguished by its patriarchy. After quite a long time, Moscow society has not changed. It remains the same in its customs and traditions, calm. But even within society there is some kind of human movement, fun and commotion. Isolating the more collective from Moscow and St. Petersburg, this turns out to be exactly the first.
In many phrases, the reader is made to understand that behind the beautiful cover hides the debauchery of every society. But sometimes in such a society you find people who are intriguing and interesting to communicate with. And this does not depend on the city.
When talking about the influence of a society on a person, it says nothing. It is a person who decides for himself what morals and laws he should accept. Society is heterogeneous, but that is exactly how it should be.
Essay Secular Society (Eugene Onegin)
According to Pushkin’s description, secular society is a space of decadence and has virtually no positive characteristics. At the same time, secular society serves to highlight, if not ideals, then an alternative to this secular society.
In general, if you look at the history of Russia, the high society almost always focuses on other states. As a rule, more developed ones exist almost always, and almost always Russia looks at Europe and the West and wants to imitate this image of a kind of paradise. Even now we see active imitation of American and European culture; in the time of Pushkin, France and England were more held in esteem, there is not much difference in this.
In order to make a comparison, Pushkin introduces peculiar pairs of opposites: Larina the Younger and society ladies, Polina Larina and Princess Alina, and many other options. Secular ladies, unlike Tatyana Larina, are prone to empty entertainment, and she is a more thoughtful nature, as deep as the mysterious Russian soul. Princess Alina, without a family and a goal, lives out her years in illness and melancholy, having spent the best on entertainment and social events, and Polina raised her daughters and, although she has become a simpler person, is happy to work in the village and run the household.
Thus, Pushkin seems to unobtrusively hint at what such imitation and general adherence to the tastes of high society leads to, which in fact has only an external gloss, but in content: boredom, passion for entertainment and aimless wandering. However, the author does not make a significant difference between secular people in the village and the city. It’s just that village people, such as Zaretsky, for example, are more rude and even meaner, but this combines the fashion of secular society with the rudeness of a simple village person.
To summarize, it should be noted that there is a rather negative reflection of secular society in this novel. Pushkin is ironic and carries out a fairly clear satirical outline of the narrative, which makes secular people, for the most part, not particularly interesting and worthy. It seems to me that in this way he wanted to warn his contemporaries, and other people too, from being overly carried away by empty entertainment and thoughtless leisure, and also to point out the presence of our own (albeit simple) culture (folk, but real and quite suitable even for landowners) in our country.
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Pushkin’s understanding of man affected not only the creation of the image of Onegin, but also almost everyone else. This was Pushkin’s main principle of creating characters. As a realist artist, he understood that these natural and seemingly eternal human properties appear differently in people of different ages, eras or nationalities. After all, in different eras a person is formed under the influence of dissimilar socio-historical circumstances! But does this mean that a person remains unchanged - even under the same conditions of existence? Here Pushkin came close to an artistic discovery, which was later fully developed by L. Tolstoy and which glorified not only his name, but also all of Russian literature. A quarter of a century after Pushkin, Chernyshevsky would call this “dialectics of the soul.” In his understanding, this meant self-movement, the development of the human soul as a result of struggle and overcoming internal contradictions. This is how it looked in Pushkin's novel.
The secular crowd around Onegin did not change. The way of life remained unchanged. The same impressions enter his consciousness. He is forced to make the same speeches. The environment acts on it in the same direction. Does this mean that he too must remain a young rake forever? From Pushkin's point of view, this is impossible. Why? Because youth is over. Onegin approached the time of maturity. The need to understand the world around us and oneself has become a vital necessity. Mindless pleasure is no longer pleasing, because it feels forced. He should be like everyone else! But he doesn’t want to and can no longer remain faceless or play the roles that are boring to him.
Over the course of twenty-two stanzas, Pushkin depicted how Onegin began to experience spiritual devastation. He cheerfully goes to the boulevard, but then everything assigned for the day is accomplished with a feeling of increasing fatigue. And already in the morning he returns home half asleep and exhausted. The eternal celebration of life takes away no less energy than active work. This is how Onegin matured for the new role of a passive romantic. But why exactly romance, and a passive one, and not another type? The type of romantic who draped himself in the cloak of Byron's Childe Harold had already emerged by the early 1820s. The passion for it was widespread in the West and in Russia. To be or appear to be a disappointed romantic was so new and fashionable for those years that it immediately made him stand out from the crowd of ordinary rake. There were creatively gifted romantics. There were active romantics who sought to transform the world and were looking for effective means to fulfill their aspirations. And many of the passive romantics achieved vivid self-discovery: in dreams, in poetry, in fantastic visions they transformed the world. So, according to his new role, Onegin was supposed to create at least something. And initially Pushkin intended to include his poetic observations and considerations in the novel. But later he removed the “Onegin album”, allegedly discovered by Tatyana in the manor’s house, from the text of the novel and left a short note about this episode:
* Renegade of violent pleasures,
* Onegin locked himself at home,
*Yawning, he took up the pen,
* I wanted to write - but hard work
* He felt sick; Nothing
* It did not come from his pen,
* And he didn’t end up in the perky workshop
* People I don’t judge
* Because I belong to them.
Was it only aversion to hard creative work that prevented Onegin from becoming a poet? Maybe he didn’t have any talent - a strong, bright, original talent? In any case, the album option would leave the reader in doubt. By removing it, Pushkin thereby rejected this path of activity for his hero.
So, poetic talent has not been discovered, and therefore it is natural to try one’s hand in science.
Perhaps Onegin will have a strong mind, logic and the ability to make broad, fruitful generalizations:
* And again, betrayed by idleness,
* There is no conscience in that, there is no meaning in that,
* Languishing with spiritual emptiness,
* Everyone has different chains;
* He sat down - with a laudable purpose"
* And the old days are outdated,
* Like women, he left books
* And a shelf with their dusty family
* Covered it with mourning taffeta.
This means that this hope is buried. Well-readness is one thing, but an inquisitive mind, a research approach to perceiving the world, the ability to get to the root of phenomena, an indefatigable thirst to know everything - this is completely different. The mind manifests itself in generalization, in the ability to find the essence of things and phenomena, to establish connections between objects and events. The mind discovers new things, erudition repeats the old and combines what is already known. Probably, Onegin still understood the difference between them - that’s why he tried to appropriate someone else’s mind for himself.
Onegin is smart enough to understand the need to be fully equipped with European learning. He decided to expand his knowledge - this is true, but not everything: he actually tried to correct the shortcomings of his home education. And he soon realized that the “appropriated” fruits of someone else’s mind still do not allow to create something new himself. To what extent did Onegin deeply and acutely realize this? We can only guess about this. Pushkin showed only external manifestations of the process of internal experiences, but they allow us to guess what is happening in Onegin’s soul. After all, in just a few stanzas it is depicted. how Onegin leaves one hope after another. Hopes are to become significant, extraordinary, or even outstanding among mature people, and not frivolous secular rake. This is the sequence in which this happens. In the forty-second stanza:
* Freaky women of the big world!
* He left everyone before you.
One of the main characters of the novel in the verses of A.S. Pushkin is Onegin. It is no coincidence that the work is named after him. The image of Onegin is complex and contradictory, containing positive signs of progressiveness and sharply negative features of clearly expressed individualism....
The main character of A.S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” is a nobleman, an aristocrat. It is directly connected with modernity, with the real circumstances of Russian reality and with the people of the 1820s. Onegin is familiar with the Author and some of his friends....
The novel "Eugene Onegin" was created by Pushkin over a period of 8 years (from 1823 to 1831). If the first chapters of the novel were written by a young poet, almost a youth, then the final chapters were written by a person with considerable life experience. This “growing up” of the poet is reflected in...
In the very first lines of the novel, the main character, Eugene Onegin, is characterized as a selfish person, caring only about his comfort and well-being, because it is a burden for him to care for his dying uncle, to pretend to be attentive and caring: But...
